Essay about Adam Walsh Act - 1155 Words

Adam Walsh Act. The case of six-year old Adam Walsh is perhaps one that will never leave the minds of anyone initially horrified by its details. In 1981 young Adam was kidnapped from a local mall and regardless of tireless efforts by his parents John and Reve Walsh, volunteers, and law enforcement; Adam fell victim to murder. Two weeks after the boy went missing, his decapitated head was located, but his body was never found. This prompted his father John Walsh to start a campaign and legislature policy submission toward more stringent accountability for child crime offenders. â€Å"The murder transformed John Walshs life, turning him from a middle-class hotel marketing executive into one of countrys best known advocates for missing†¦show more content†¦Issues Presented for Provisionary Inclusion Sex Offender Registration Act (SORNA) The Adam Walsh act has several other provisions including Title I, the Sex Offender Registration and Notification Act or (â€Å"SORNA†). Under this portion SORNA â€Å"established a new federal sex offender registration framework and SORNA made two major changes to federal sex offender registration policy† (Morse, 2009). This portion of the act is currently in question for the following reasons: 1. Subsection (1) provides registration requires persons convicted of a sex crime under either federal or state law to register. 2. Section 16913provides that a sex offender must register and keep the registration current in each jurisdiction where he or she resides, is an employee, or is a student. (Morse, 2009). Two provisions of the act violate principles of federalism: 1. A provision providing for the civil commitment of sexually violent predators, and a provision creating a new federal â€Å"failure to register† crime for federal sex offenders. 2. Section 4248 authorizes theShow MoreRelatedSexual Violence and The Adam Walsh Act1343 Words   |  5 Pagesin monitoring sex offenders. Sexual offender registration and notification Act (SORNA) operates in all the US states and territories. The objective is to monitor and track sex offenders by law enforcement. Also they provide information to the public and the communities about the offenders. For example, the National registry allows the public to be informed of a registered offender and their demographics. The Adam Walsh Act (AWA) was instilled to create greater uniformity in SORNA systems in all theRead MoreBringing Adam Home Essay1576 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ Bringing Adam Home Book Review Abstract Bringing Adam Home  review examines the story of the decades-long investigation into the abduction and murder of 6-year-old Adam Walsh. The police investigation took 27 years to prove guilt of the serial killer, Ottis Toole, who made multiple confessions to the murder. The book is written by the experienced detective writer Les Standiford with the help of the retired detective Joe Matthews, who finally foundRead MoreBringing Home Adam Essay2099 Words   |  9 Pages Bringing Adam Home Name: Kevin L. Russell School: Liberty University Instructor: Katherine Pang Course: CJUS 500 Criminal Justice Integration Date: 30 June 2013 Abstract Adam Walsh in his book â€Å"Bringing Adam Home† conveys different important information concerning people and the society they dwell. This book is based on Mathew Joe’s experience in his investigation for the murder and abduction. The book suddenly reveals the cases of abduction and murder that the world atRead More Missing Children Essay1100 Words   |  5 PagesThe case of six-year old Adam Walsh is perhaps one that will never leave the minds of anyone initially horrified by its details. In 1981 young Adam was kidnapped from a local mall and regardless of tireless efforts by his parents John and Reve Walsh, volunteers, and law enforcement; Adam fell victim to murder. Two weeks after the boy went missing, his decapitated head was located, but his body was never found. This prompted his father John Walsh to start a campaign and legislature policy submissionRead MoreChild Protection Laws For Adam Walsh1855 Words   |  8 PagesJuly 27th 1981, it was a Monday afte rnoon, Reve and her son Adam went out for a shopping trip, Adam at the time was six years old, they stopped at Sears to shop for some new lamps that John had seen in the local shopping ad. When the mother and son walked into the store Adam noticed a video display of the new Asteroids game and begged his mother to play the game whilst she shopped. After a short period of hesitation she eventually relented and let her son play the game assuming her child would beRead MoreThe State Law Enforcement Agency1055 Words   |  5 Pageswith ten days. Verification forms must be signed and the person must report they still reside at the same address last reported to the state law enforcement agency. Failure to mail the verification form within ten days results in a violation of the act unless the person is able to prove their address has not changed (statute). Convicted offenders who must register are required to comply until â€Å"ten years have elapsed† since they have been released from prison, paroled, given supervised release orRead MoreThe Positive Effects Of Employment On Lowering Recidivism1344 Words   |  6 Pagesfirst subjected to federal registration laws with the passage of the 1994 Jacob Wetterling Crimes Against Children and Sexually Violent Offender Act. In 1996, Megan’s Law was passed, which required states to post the sex offender registry online and to conduct community notification. Finally, in 2006 the Adam Walsh Child Protection and Child Safety Act was passed, which required all states to follow strict guidelines regarding registration and community notification requirements. Employment and RecidivismRead MoreChild Protection And Safety Act3046 Words   |  13 PagesHead: Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act of 2006 1 Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act of 2006 10 Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act of 2006 Natasha R. Dixon Durham Technical Community College: Durham, N.C. Abstract In recent years, policymakers and parents of missing, abducted and slain children have demanded action against the growing problem of pedophiles in the United States. This literature examines one of the most controversial child safety acts passedRead MoreEssay about Child Abduction in the United States1076 Words   |  5 PagesYou look down the aisles, have your child paged, and check out at your car all to no avail. This is exactly what happened with Reve Walsh, mother of young Adam Walsh. This is her account of what happened from the book, Tears of Rage, written by John Walsh and posted on the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children website. Adam and his mother went to the store to shop for lamps. The store was about one mile from their home. They parked the car where they alwaysRead MoreFrom Suffering to Overcoming in the Abduction of Adam Walsh1174 Words   |  5 Pagesovernight, transports him or her at least 50 miles, holds the child for ransom or intends to keep him permanently, or kills the child†(Martindale 6). John Walsh, host of America’s Most Wanted, criminal investigator, and loving father of Adam Walsh has placed his mark on a world full of corruption and dangerous crimes. After the murder of his son, John Walsh used this tragic event as a motivation and inspiration to become passionate for the safety of others. He has been able to bring some safety to a world

Jews And Booze By Marni Davis - 1734 Words

When Prohibition became law in 1920, many Jews became bootleggers. Mob bosses such as Arnold Rothstein and Meyer Lansky operated in New York; Abner â€Å"Longy† Zwillman and Waxey Gordon worked in New Jersey; The Purple Gang was mainly based in Detroit. These mobsters and others made headlines more often than did Jewish federal Prohibition agents like Izzy Einstein and Moe Smith (Davis). Jewish gangsters found that the most money at the time could be found in the illegal alcohol business and so for varied personal reasons they joined in. Some became gangsters for the wealth, others for power, and some because it was simply what they enjoyed. But what all of them seemingly shared a passion for was caring for their families (Rockaway). In†¦show more content†¦Incorporated into this review are studies of the real life activity of these gangsters through information that Rockaway was able to recover. According to crime writer Leo Katcher, Rothstein transformed organized crime from a thuggish activity by hoodlums into a big business, run like a corporation, with himself at the top. Rothstein ranked as one of the highest mob bosses the person during Prohibition. The restriction of alcohol had created a tremendous business opportunity. Rothstein understood the truths of early 20th century capitalism - hypocrisy, exclusion, greed - and came to dominate them. Lucky Luciano, the boss of the Italian-American Mafia once said that Rothstein taught me how to dress (Rockaway). The stereotypical attire of the American mobster portrayed in movies can trace its roots directly to Rothstein. He was a man who although he was brought up in a wealthy home, loved the life of a gangster and delved into it. Rothstein’s life of crime for which he never spent a day in jail ended when he was shot to death over a gambling debt in New York’s Park Central Hotel in 1928. Although he may have been the largest crime boss of the time he still did all in his power to protect his family from having anything to do with illegal activities. Meyer Lanksy started working on the corrupt side of business at age 19 with Bugsy Siegel. Their first criminal enterprises involved a

Drinking And Driving Road Rage Or How Distractions Affect Us

Question: Discuss about the Drinking And Driving Road Rage Or How Distractions Affect Us. Answer: Introduction Alcohol affects vision and coordination, and reaction times. The Canadian drinking and driving limit is based on alcohol concentration in the bloodstream and depends on how much a person drinks. Higher drinking raises the blood alcohol concentration (BAC). Other factors that may affect the BAC include body size, gender, weight, the state of eating and even the levels of fatigue. The concentration of alcohol in the bloodstream can be measured using the breathalyzer and analysis of blood sample and is measured in units of grams of alcohol per 100ml of the blood. The Canadian drinking and driving limit is .08g/100ml.[1] Thinking distance Alcohol slows down the reaction times of a person by increasing the time taken to respond to perils. When a car in front of a driver takes an emergency stop, the driver will have a longer time between seeing it and putting his/her foot on the break. The time between two actions is called thinking time. It is increased by 20% on drinking. The risk of causing an accident is also doubled for .05 BAC, a multiple of four for .08 BAC and up to 20 at a BAC of .15. Drunk drivers will also misjudge the high speed of other vehicles and distance as an underestimate.[2] Drivers when drunk will also overestimate their abilities to drive and therefore drive recklessly. Designated drivers The program encourages motorists to use designated drivers if they are traveling after drinking alcohol or use a taxi. The designated drivers will ensure a safe drive to homes. Such rivers can only drink non-alcoholic beverages, ensure sober and safe transport, and help friends to evade embarrassment, keep the licenses safe and avoid jail terms and fines. The law The .08 drink-drive limit by the Canadian law sets the standard for determination of criminal code. It applies in all territories and provinces. When a breathalyzer exceeds .05 BAC, these territories will suspend the respective driving license.[3] Some provinces like Sash have a limit of .04. Drinking limit for probationary drivers, learners, and drivers under the age of 22 is zero and this applies to all territories and provinces. The licenses of impaired driving are immediately suspended by the law for 90 days. A conviction for first offenses cancels the driving licenses for one year together with a fine. These drivers are also required to submit behavior assessment to determine if their habits compromise their driving. Drivers under the age of 22, learners and the probationary drivers found having alcohol of any concentration in their blood will have their licenses suspended for a period of 90 days. Such drivers will also be deducted four points on their merits. Such drivers are required by the law to pay $438-$865 in fines, fees, and statutory contributions. When they are found to be driving when impaired, they will be handled the other drivers and their license will be suspended for a period of one year.[4] Conclusion In closing, when the law is put aside, serious injuries caused to innocent parties will create a responsibility for damages. Problems in securing another car insurance will be prevalent. Securing of new jobs when a person has a conviction will be an additional frustration. Bibliography Daniel Mayhew, Simpson Herb, James Beirness, Warren Reg. 2003. "Drinking and driving in Canada." In International Conference on Alcohol, Drugs and Traffic Safety-T92 Proceedings of the 12th Conference. Rheinland: Verlag . 1-97. Mark Asbridge, Robert Mann, Rosely Flam-Zalcman, Gina Stoduto. 2004. "The criminalization of impaired driving in Canada: assessing the deterrent impact of Canada's first per se law." Journal of studies on alcohol 450-459. Ward Vanlaar, Robyn Robertson. 2010. "Drinking and Driving in Canada." Road Safety Monitor 1-6. www.drinkingandyou.com. 2000. www.drinkingandyou.com. 1 1. Accessed 10 5, 2017. https://www.drinkingandyou.com/site/can/drive.htm.

Thomas Jefferson Essays (1197 words) - Thomas Jefferson,

Thomas Jefferson THOMAS JEFFERSON 1801-1809 Thomas Jefferson was born on April 13, 1743 in Albemarle County, Virginia. Jefferson was known as the author of the Declaration of Independence and the third president of the United States. Jefferson was also a diplomat, an architect, a musician, a scientist and an inventor; Jefferson was an advocate for the public school system. Education was very important to him. Jefferson founded the University of Virginia at Charlottesville. He designed it, planned it, and hired the professors; he also came up with the first study courses. Jefferson lived 83 years and was very young spirited. He was always learning something new and was never afraid to try and try again. Thomas Jefferson did many things very well, and there was only one person that came close to matching him, that person was Benjamin Franklin. They were both very fascinating people. Jefferson's father was Colonel Peter Jefferson, he was a well-known explorer and owned large amounts of land, therefore Thomas had the best of everything. His mother was from a well-known family in Virginia, her name was Jane Randolph, and she was wealthy also. Thomas Jefferson was educated privately in his early days and went on to study Latin, Greek, Italian and Spanish. His favorite subjects were math and science. Thomas studied law for five years under a well-known law teacher by the name of George Wythe. At the age of 24 he was admitted to the bar in the year 1767. He practiced law until the American Revolution closed all the courts. He earned most of his income by all the farms he owned. He married Martha Wayles Skelton in the year 1772 that increased his land ownership immensely. They had six children, one son and five daughters. Only two children lived to adults, Martha and Mary Thomas Jefferson designed and built a house on a mountain, which he called his Monticello home. Jefferson loved his home and was very proud of it. He left his home when his wife died, her death left him very sad and lonely. In the year 1783 Thomas Jefferson was accepted to the Continental Congress. This started his political career. Thomas Jefferson was very active in writing laws and resolutions; he was a very straightforward man. Some people viewed him as being to extreme. Jefferson was chosen to represent Albemarle County at the first Virginia Convention. He became ill and was not able to attend, but he sent his messages that British Parliament had no control over the colonies. Jefferson was the primary person to write the Declaration of Independence. Congress felt it was too harsh, and had Dickenson take the responsibility of rewriting it. He used allot of Jefferson's original ideas. Jefferson was a Republican and in 1779 became governor of Virginia. In 1786 Jefferson wrote a bill establishing religious freedom. Two parties started to emerge. The Democrats and the Republicans. Jefferson assumed the leadership of the Republicans. Jefferson opposed a strong centralized Government and wanted the states to have their rights. We hold these truths to be self evident that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are Life Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness. These words are arguably the backbone of our countries right to freedom. Jefferson is considered one of the greatest pioneers of America. One of the issues that troubled Jefferson throughout his lifetime was slavery and his ownership of more than two hundred slaves The question that puzzles most Americans is how could the man that wrote ?ALL MEN ARE CREATED EQUAL? Could own slaves? The question has been asked over and over throughout the history of our Great Nation. This is the thing that contemporary Americans find most interesting about Thomas Jefferson. Although slavery was the normal thing in Jefferson's lifetime, this cannot be used a to justify his ownership of slaves. Jefferson was A very kind master to his slaves. Jefferson spoke out against the institution of slavery, slave trading, and for the right of black people to be free. People of today's society would think of Jefferson as being a hypocrite for owning slaves, and at the same time denouncing slavery. We must put ourselves in his time and

Engineering Economy Essays

Engineering Economy Essays Engineering Economy Essay Engineering Economy Essay Engineering economy * Engineering economy is a subset of economics for application to engineering projects. * It is an economic approach in solving problems in engineering projects particularly for the assessment of projects investment. Importance of Study Engineer must take into account the monetary value in their invention as they have to position a firm to be the most profitable one * The aim is to balance the trade off between cost and performance in the most economical manner * Engineers play a major role in capital investment decisions based on their technical knowledge * To prevent a conflict between engineers and financial department Demand * An economic principle that describes a consumer’s desire and willingness to pay a price for a specific good or service. Holding all other factors constant, the price of a good or service increases as its demand increases and vice versa. Law of Demand The lower the price of the product, the greater will be the quantity demanded by all buyers, all other things being equal (Ceteris Paribus). Businesses often spend a considerable amount of money in order to determine the amount of demand that the public has for its products and services. Incorrect estimations will either result in money left on the table if it’s underestimated or losses if it’s overestimated. Supply The different quantities of a good that producers are willing and able to supply at various prices. Equilibrium When supply and demand are equal the economy is said to be  at  equilibrium. At this point, the allocation of goods is at its most efficient because the amount of goods being supplied is exactly the same as the amount of goods being demanded. INTEREST RATE If a given amount of money is borrowed for a specified period of time (typically, one year), a certain percentage of the money is charged as interest. This percentage is called the interest rate. SIMPLE INTEREST Simple interest is defined as a fixed percentage of the principal (the amount of money borrowed), multiplied by the life of the loan. Thus, I =total amount of simple interest n =life of the loan I = interest rate P = principal EX A student deposits $1000 in a savings account that pays interest at the rate of 6% per year. How much money will the student have after one year? (b) An investor makes a loan of $5000, to be repaid in one lump sum at the end of one year. What annual interest rate corresponds to a lump-sum payment of $5425? The student will have his original $1000, plus an interest payment of 0. 06 x $1000 = $60. Thus, the student will have accumulated a total of $1060 after one year (b) The total amount of interest paid is $5425 $5000 = $425. Hence the annual interest rate is TO FIND FUTURE VALUE F = P + I = P (l + n i) EX A student borrows $3000 from his uncle in order to finish school. His uncle agrees to charge him simple interest at the rate of 5% per year. Suppose the student waits two years and then repays the entire loan. How much will he have to repay? F = $3000[1+ (2)(0. 05)] = $3330. COMPOUND INTEREST During a given interest period, the current interest is determined as a percentage of the total amount owed If there are n interest periods, we have EX A student deposits $1000 in a savings account that pays interest at the rate of 6% per year, compounded annually. If all of the money is allowed to accumulate, how much will the student have after 12 years? Compare this with the amount that would have accumulated if simple interest had been paid. INFLATION National economies frequently experience inflation, in which the cost of goods and services increases from one year to the next A = annual inflation rate (expressed as a decimal) n = number of years Ex An economy is experiencing inflation at the rate of 6% per year. An item presently costs $100. If the 6% inflation rate continues, what will be the price of this item in five years? An economy is experiencing inflation at an annual rate of 6%. If this continues, what will $100 be worth five years from now, in terms of todays dollars? INFLATION + INTEREST TAXES In most situations, the interest that is received from an investment will be subject to taxation. TAXES + INTERSET + INFLATION F = P (1 + )n EX Suppose the engineer is in the 32% tax bracket, and is likely to remain there throughout the lifetime of the certificate. If inflation continues at the rate of 6% per year, what will be the value of his investment, in terms of todays dollars, when the certificate matures? Let us assume that the engineer is able to invest the entire $10 000 in a savings certificate and that the 32% tax bracket includes all federal, state, and local taxes. Interest rate = 8 % GOOD LUCK

Definition and Examples of Logographs

Definition and Examples of Logographs A  logograph is a  letter, symbol, or sign used to represent a word or phrase. Adjective: logographic. Also known as a logogram. The following logographs are available on most alphabetic keyboards: $,  Ã‚ £,  Ã‚ §, , , %, , and -. In addition, the single-digit Arabic number symbols (0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9) are logographic symbols. The best-known examples of a logographic writing system are Chinese and Japanese. Though originally derived from ideographs, the symbols of these languages now stand for words and syllables and do not refer directly to concepts or things (David Crystal,  The Penguin Encyclopedia, 2004). Etymology:  From the Greek, word writingPronunciation:  LO-go-graf Examples and Observations English doesnt have many logographs. Here are a few: %  £ We would read those as and, per cent, at, and pound. And in maths we have several more, such as the signs for minus, multiplied by, divided by, and square root of. Quite a few of the special signs in chemistry and physics are logographs, too.Some languages consist entirely of logographs. Chinese is the best known. Its possible to write Chinese with an alphabet like the one we use for English, but the traditional way of writing the language is to use logographs- though theyre usually called characters when we talk about Chinese.(David Crystal, A Little Book of Language. Yale University Press, 2010) Logographs in English Logographs are used in many languages, including English. When the symbol [2] is used to represent the word two in English, it is being used as a logograph. The fact that it can also be used to represent the number deux two in French and the number mbili two in Shinzwani means that, although the same sign can be used as a logograph in different languages, the way it is pronounced can be different, depending on the language in which it is functioning as a logograph. Another sign that is used as a logograph in a lot of different languages is the []. In contemporary English, it has come to mean at and is used as part of an Internet address. It works comfortably in English to say myname-at-myinternetaddress, but this doesnt work as well in some other languages.(Harriet Joseph Ottenheimer, The Anthropology of Language: An Introduction to Linguistic Anthropology, 2nd ed. Cengage, 2009) Logographs in Texting What novelty there is in texting lies chiefly in the way it takes further some of the processes used in the past. . . . There are no less than four processes combined in iowan2bwu I only want to be with you: full word an initialism a shortened word two logograms an initialism a logogram.(David Crystal, 2b or not 2b? The Guardian [UK], July 5, 2008) Processing Logographs Whereas earlier studies had indicated that  logographs are  processed by the right and alphabets by the left hemisphere of the brain, [Rumjahn] Hoosain provides more recent data suggesting that both are processed in the left, though possibly in different areas of the left. (Insup Taylor and David R.  Olson, Introduction to  Scripts and Literacy: Reading and Learning to Read Alphabets, Syllabaries, and Characters. Springer, 1995)

Pop and rock music history Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Pop and rock music history - Essay Example Indeed, Appleseed cast is one of the most creative musical bands in the world. According to the Herald News, the album is described as unique in that, each song on this album induces emotion. The bass work and drum nicely complement the loud and thick guitars to maintain the rhythm of the songs. These are accompanied by true and raw vocals by the experienced singers. Screams are also included to the rich set of instruments, though occasionally some singing is thrown in when suitable. The art work and production of the album is the best ever. As mentioned, the album is also made unique by the emotion created. This makes this album to stand out among the rest. It is inspirational, heartfelt and an emotional music album. In comparison to other bands, The Appleseed Cast has no non-versatile descriptive words, bland choruses and excessive use of the words agony and pain. In simple words, it is a poetry of the young emotions of harsh losses and true love. Appleseed Cast perfectly blend the songs between simple tunes, sad and an emotional flurry of drums and guitars. However, this sometimes happens within the same song. In the song Marigold & Patchwork the lead singer’s voice is rattling yet, perfectly quiet. At the same time the voice is becomes abrasive and can send chills down a person’s spine. On the other hand, the song untitled half, is comprised of almost perfect crescendo of bass, jackhammer drumming, duel guitars and sax. Interestingly, the song Ring Wars deserves time to really understand comprehend the music. It is like Nirvana meets Radio Head. In this song, the lead singer Chris shows in and out voice that mumbles lyrics and also screeches. Their melodies are nice even though not pop. It has soothing instants where singing stops for about 2 minutes into the song. The drum work is amazing as heard the in the last instrumental track. Another song in the album is Marigold & Patchwork. This is an all-time amazing song. It has an

Lester Electronics Gap Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Lester Electronics Gap Analysis - Essay Example The process of merger is set in motion by Shang-wa CEO John Lin, as he thinks that the merger will give his company a much needed secured future. On the other hand, Lester Electronics CEO Bernard Lester feels that the merger will prevent future revenue losses. These merger plans were initiated by the actions of two other companies, Transnational Electronics and Avral Electronics, who try to take over Shang-wa and Lester Electronics respectively. But, if the merger plans between Lester and Shang-wa gets actualized it will nullify the other two companies take over bid. Along with that advantage, the merger will also create a lot of opportunities and bring in profits. But, even with all the opportunities, there exist some financial issues or threats that will cause the merger to fail. So, the correct decision has to be taken after analyzing the key financial issues, with the involvement of all the key people and departments, including the accounts department and its head Anne Lorale. â €Å"Good decision-making starts from the right place† (Paul & Elder, 2006 In the scenario, the merger of Lester and Shang-wa could spring up many issues particularly in the financial sector. Normally, in times of merger between two companies existing in different countries, the financial issues have to be dealt firstly, to make the merger a success. So, Shang-wa’s balance sheet and incomes statement has to be properly analyzed by Anne Lorale and her team, before going with the merger. As the income statements will clearly gauge the financial performance of a company over a specific period of time, it will surely aid Lester to grasp the financial condition as well as the value of economic assets of Shang wa. From the analysis of the financial statements, it is clear that the merger of Shang wa and Lester would lead to a low debt to equity ratio, increasing the chances of bankruptcy in the long run. The other issue that will arise in

The Double Entry System Essay Example for Free

The Double Entry System Essay According to the double entry accounting system, a business transaction affects at least two accounts and the debit and credit amounts recorded for the affected accounts must be balanced. These transactions will be recorded in the appropriate books of accounts. Business entities develop a chart of accounts, a list of account titles with their corresponding account codes that the business will use in recording and posting in the books of accounts and in reporting in the financial statements. Double Entry System was invented for the first time by Lucas Pacioli’ of Italy in the year 1494 in Venice but it was developed in England. This system is based on the truth that every business transaction involves two .parties— (1) Receiver and (2) Giver. There can not be any business transaction by only one party. If one part is giver of any thing, there must be one more party-receiver. If one part is seller; there must be the other party purchases. Receiver of the transaction is debtor and the giver is the creditor. Thus the transactions take place between two parties, according to Double Entry System every transaction is recorded twice. One party is the debtor and the other party is giver. Receiver is the debtor and giver is the creditor. Accuracy of accounts. The greatest advantage of Double Entry System is that arithmetical accuracy of accounts can be checked easily. Since every transaction is recorded twice, a Trial Balance can be prepared and it can be known whether each transaction has been correctly recorded twice or not. By applying. Double Entry Principle every transaction is recorded twice. Trial Balance can easily be prepared and with the help of Trial Balance Trading and Profit and Loss can be easily prepared to ascertain the gross profit or gross loss or net profit or net loss of the business. Knowledge of Financial Position. Financial position of the business can be known easily. By preparing Balance Sheet one can know what assets are possessed by the business and what liabilities are due by the business. Chances of fraud meager. By applying Double Entry Principles chances of committing fraud is very much minimized. If fraud is committed, it can be easilychecked by verification and auditing of accounts. †¢Comparison of Expenses— Comparison of expenses of the current year with the previous can easily be made. The system of double-entry bookkeeping does have the capa ¬bility of making a positive contribution towards economic growth. Although the ability of double-entry to reveal the success or failure of a business enterprise for a specific period of lime was not valued by the early merchants, double-entrys capacity to accumulate data on individual performing activities, combined with its ability to bring order to the affairs and accounts of these merchants, rationalized the economic activities of the early English merchants

Aids in the thrid world country :: essays research papers

In 2004 circa 95 thousand people died in Latin America. Cause of death? In a world of today where there is an abundance of bloodshed and carnage, surprisingly violence is not the primary cause of death but AIDS is. Having taken health classes for over five years, HIV/AIDS and STD ¡Ã‚ ¯s were not new or surprising. I became apathetic and impassive to such related issues. It seemed like something distant and remote that would never happen to me. But then a startling news article that stated in large bold letters,  ¡Ã‚ °Brazil houses one-third of the carriers of the HIV virus in Latin America ¡Ã‚ ± caught my attention. In the article it stated that in 2004, circa 95 thousand people died of Aids in Latin America and there were 240 thousand new people diagnosed with HIV. This daunting article was a revelation. It awoke me from the beautiful and hygienic fairy-tale world I was in and dropped me into arms of the real world, where AIDS and STD ¡Ã‚ ¯s are not that remote and it could happen to anyone. In Latin America out of the 400 million inhabitants nearly 1.7 million are carriers of the virus that causes AIDS. This incurable deadly virus is spreading in a frightening manner. People diagnosed with HIV are increasing by 25% each year in Latin America. The cause is due to ignorance. People tend to believe that only homosexuals are affected by the virus. What they are unaware of is that HIV is caused by exchange in blood, semen, or other bodily fluids. Therefore everyone is susceptible to the virus, primarily consumers of injectable drugs and people that have multiple sex partners and those that don ¡Ã‚ ¯t use protection during the act of intercourse. This issue is important, firstly because a third of the carriers of the virus live where I live. Consequently it made me more conscious and aware of the environment I live in and it also made me a more grateful person. Secondly it is a serious issue that is burgeoning and if not contained could in the long run expunge a large population of people in Latin America. Immediate containment of the virus is imperative. In order to reduce the spread of the virus most importantly people should become educated and conscious of the virus. In a country where a large portion of the population is from the lower class not many people received proper sex education consequently public awareness of this issue is low if almost negligible.

Comparative Literary Analysis

If you were placed onto a stranded island in the middle of nowhere with no hope of being rescued, even the most civilized person would turn to savagery by the end. This is a fact about human nature, and at one point humans lose their morals and values. In The Crucible and the Lord of the Flies, both authors, Miller and Golding, show the evil in nature, the fight for truth, and mob mentality in certain situations. Abigail Williams and Jack both become very power hungry by the end and show the evil in nature, while John Proctor and Simon are looking for the truth, and Mary Warren and SamnEric follow the mob mentality that is going around.In The Crucible, Abigail Williams is first seen as a child speaking the truth and pointing out the people in the town who are â€Å"witches†. Everyone in the town believes her and her group of friends. But as she realizes that she has the power to condemn anyone as a witch, she overuses that power. Since Abigail desires to be with John Proctor, but he is not willing to be with her due to his wife, Abigail decides to condemn Elizabeth Proctor as a witch, so that she would be able to be with John. This clearly shows how people can use their power that they might have for their own good and use it for evil.This occurs in The Lord of the Flies when Jack slowly becomes more and more power hungry. Throughout the novel, Jack always wants to become chief but Ralph is chosen as chief and this did not please Jack. But as the novel progresses, Jack slowly turns to savagery, and the others follow Jack with his savagery. An example is his wild hunts for pigs, and his crazy dances after killing the pig. He feels much more powerful as more people start to enjoy killings pigs with him and he starts to form a type of mob.â€Å"His mind was crowded with memories: memories of the knowledge that had come to them when they closed in on the struggling pig, knowledge that they had outwitted a living thing, imposed their will upon it, taken away its life like a long satisfying drink. †(Golding 70) This quote explores Jack’s mental state in the aftermath of killing his first pig. This slightly shows the decline into savage behavior. This quote shows Jack’s feelings of power and superiority he experiences after killing the pig. This power slowly transitions into creating his mob and gaining more power from everyone around him, which causes him to become the chief.With this power he gains, Jack now controls most of the island, which allows him to do almost anything he wants, including to set the island on fire just to kill Ralph. At the same time in both The Crucible and The Lord of the Flies, John Proctor and Simon are looking for the truth for the fear in which everyone was going crazy in the town or island. In The Crucible, John Proctor looks for the truth as he questions the honesty of the girls calling out the witches in the town. John carefully looks for evidence to prove that the girls aren’t telling the truth.Fortunately Mary Warren admits to John that they are all playing along only because of Abigail. But at the courthouse, no one believes Mary Warren, and she is also called a witch, so to save herself, she blames John Proctor in threatening Mary to lie. As much as John tries to fight for the truth, he fails at showing everyone because of the power everyone else has over him. Simon in The Lord of the Flies also fails to show the truth over the â€Å"beast† that everyone feared. â€Å"‘As if’, said Simon, ‘the beastie, the beastie or snake thing, was real. Remember?’† (Golding 50)From the beginning Simon doubts the truth about this beast in the island and tries to assure the younger kids that there is no beast. Simon is the only character who truly looks out to find the truth about the beast. But in the end, he is seen as the beast and is killed by the boys who change into savages. When Simon returns to the campfire to tell ever yone what the beast that everyone has feared of, he is mistaken as the beast and never gets to explain the truth. This is just like John Proctor in which he is also killed before the truth gets out.This comparison is similar because both Simon and John were the only people to reveal the truth to the public but no one listens to them, and they end up dead before they say anything. During all of this in The Crucible and The Lord of the Flies, there are the leaders, Abigail and Jack, and then there are the followers, Mary Warren and SamnEric. In The Crucible, Mary Warren follows the mob mentality because of Abigail, and the fear of getting caught. If Mary did not follow what Abigail had said in the beginning to play along with her, Abigail threaten to kill them all, or at least hurt them.Due to this Mary went along with the mob. Although Mary tries to confess in the courtroom, in the end she still retreats back to the mob mentality and blames John Proctor. This also happens in The Lord of the Flies when SamnEric join Jack’s mob. â€Å"Now the painted group felt the otherness of SamnEric, felt the power in their own hands. They felled the twins clumsily and excitedly. Jack was inspired. †(Golding 191) This quote shows how Jack becomes happy with the increasing number to his group and it shows that SamnEric join due to the mob mentality and the power that Jack has compared to Ralph.They try to follow their conscience but end up joining the mob and go along with the savages. Throughout the movie and novel, people end up losing their morals either due to having too much power or not having enough and going out of their way to gain that power. The evil in nature is clearly shown by both authors and depict how far people would go for ambitions that they want such as power. Both authors also show that the truth never gets out, which is unfortunate, but life doesn’t always have happy endings either. And last but not least, the mob mentality is a driv ing force for all the madness in the town of Salem and the Island.

Counrywide Financial

Countrywide Financial: The Subprime Meltdown 1. Are subprime loans an Unethical financial instrument, or are they ethical but misused in a way that created ethical issues? In my opinion I think subprime loans is an ethical in some ways but for the most part it’s got misused. One way that I think subprime was misused was the fact that when the economy began to slow down, people started working more and earning less money, subprime lending continued to lend to increasingly risky buyers.Another cause of misusing subprime lending was the fact that they allowed real estate appraisers to inflate the value of a home to insure loans would go through 2. Discuss the ethical issue that caused the downfall of countrywide Financial. One of the Ethical issue that cause the downfall of countrywide financial is the allegations that accused them of increasing its profit by offering subprime loans to people who qualified for regular loans.Another Ethical issue that caused countrywide financial to there downfall was the fact that they gave out liar loans. Liar loans were loans that required no proof of borrowers income or assets allowing consumers to purchase homes while having few or no assets. Many homeowners with liar loans could not pay their mortgages nor were they able to refinance their homes. 3. How should Bank of America deal with potential ethical and legal misconduct discovered at countrywide?One of the ways I think Bank of America should deal with potential ethical and legal misconduct is by dealing with all the lawsuits that have been filed against the company for dumping homeowners with predatory loan practices. Something else I think Bank of America should start doing is managing Countrywide’s debt by helping homeowners by reducing there interest rate so the foreclosure rate could get lower.

Ex-Basketball Player by John Updike

Ex-Basketball Player by John Updike Free Online Research Papers The main idea of John Updike’s poem, Ex-Basketball Player is that a young man named Flick who was a really good athlete in high school. However, after high school he became nothing more than a gas station attendant. During high school he was an excellent basketball player. He set records that many kids are still trying to surpass today. During and after high school he never learned a trade, so he wasn’t able to obtain a high paying job where he could move up in life. He just ended up selling gas, checking oil, and fixing flats. Paraphrase: A street goes in front of a high school Curves with paths to a dead end Before it has an opportunity to travel two blocks A shop at a certain place Facing west where two streets conjoin Usually you can see Berth’s helper, Flick Webb Flick towers above gas pumps With five old in each row The hoses hanging down low Two S’s comprise his nose His eyes form an E and an O. One is flat Oblong shaped, with no head Flick was a high-school basketball player He was the best of the team He scored three hundred ninety points in 1946 He set records that lasted. The ball always went in the hoop. One observed him score 38-40 points in a game. He always kept his hands moving He never went to college, but he got a decent gas station job Sometimes, He bounces a tube for entertainment Beside the grease, everyone still remembers the points His appendages are careless on the lug wrench The carelessness doesn’t hurt the lug wrench He is at a diner when not working His hands greasy and clenched while playing pinball As he plays, he smokes and slurps soft drinks He doesn’t speak to the owner He stares at appealing stacks The stacks composed of candy The poem Ex-Basketball Player contains five stanzas and thirty lines. The first stanza describes the ex-basketball player, Flick. It tells how Flick works at â€Å"Berth’s Garage† which doesn’t even have a â€Å"chance to go two blocks† from his old high school. Flick more than likely ended up working at Berth’s Garage because Flick didn’t want to be very far from the place where he had been a hero. Flick doesn’t even own the business, he just simply â€Å"helps Berth out.† The job he was at was taking him nowhere and it was suited for someone with less potential. This poem contains no rhyming. Therefore, it doesn’t contain a rhyme scheme. This poem does not contain a consistent meter. The author uses free verse to write this poem and tell a story. The use of free verse in this poem also allows the author to express his feelings towards the importance of learning a trade and using your potential to make something of yourself. This poem contains specific rhyming devices such as alliteration and onomatopoeia. The alliteration used was in the second and ninth lines. The first use of alliteration was the â€Å"trolley tracks† in the verse â€Å"Bends with the trolley tracks, and stops, cut off.† The second use of alliteration was the â€Å"loose and low† in the verse â€Å"Their rubber elbows hanging loose and low.† There were uses of onomatopoeia in the fifteenth, seventeenth, twenty-first, and twenty-seventh lines. The words used for onomatopoeia were bucketed, rack, dribbles, and smokes. These uses of sound techniques help enhance the theme by allowing the reader to get a better mindset of the story the poem is telling by reading action terms. The kind of language used in this poem was Colloquial Language. This type of language was a mid range between proper grammar and cursing. The use of this type of language made the main idea of the poem more understandable. It made the main idea more understandable by not using perfect grammar, which helps represent a person who is nothing more than a â€Å"gas station attendant.† This type of language enhances the theme by helping show that a high school basketball star has taken his talent nowhere because a lack of learning a trade. The lack of learning a trade can also be perceived through the use of words that are not used in formal setting. There were similes, metaphors, and personification used in this poem. One of the similes used was â€Å"His hands were like wild birds.† The first four lines can be considered a metaphor, being a comparison to Flick’s life of â€Å"turning a corner and stopping before it has a chance to go further.† The personification used was â€Å"Their rubber elbows hanging loose and low.† The use of these figurative language components helps understand the life Flick had been and is living. Updike uses imagery to depict a dim, grimy world of the present and compare it with the brilliant, shining magnificence of Flick’s past. Imagery is initially used in the first two lines of the poem, where Pearl Avenue â€Å"bends with the trolley tracks and stops, cut off.† Those two lines show how Flick’s life has been cut short, just like the road that leads to Berth’s Garage where he works. The train passes by the high school Flick went to, but just like him, it doesn’t go very far beyond. The words â€Å"cut off† are very important in the understanding of Flick’s circumstances. His days of fame came to an abrupt ending with the realization that â€Å"he never learned a trade.† The second stanza used imagery to show that Flick is out of place amongst the â€Å"idiot pumps† with their â€Å"rubber elbows hanging loose and low.† The imagery suggests that these non-living objects are as close as Flick comes to any sort of real contact with others. It is further suggested by the last stanza of the poem, in which he ignores Mae to stare of into â€Å"applauding tiers of Necco Wafers, Nibs, and JuJu Beads.† The reference to one of the pumps as â€Å"more of a football type† also points to the fact that Flick views the world through sports analogies and his past. The fact that there are five pumps, like five men on a basketball court for each team, also suggests that Flick still views life in terms of basketball. These details verify the notion that Flick did not concentrate on anything other than basketball during his formative years. Not relationships with others, not academics, nor a fallback plan. Just basketball. The expression â€Å"idiot† used to describe the pumps also separates Flick from the other basketball players he used to play with and against. Just as he is out of place amongst the pumps, his talent put him out of place amongst his peers. Even though he was admired, Flick was never really a part of the town. His presence was simply ornamental, and continues to be. The theme of this poem is about a high school basketball star that has taken his talent nowhere. If one doesn’t work on their goals, they will never reach their dreams. Also, if you do not reach your goals you can end up living an out of place life. The theme that Flick is not necessarily unhappy, but out of place, carries throughout the poem. The poem says, â€Å"the ball loved Flick† and â€Å"he was the best,† and this allows everyone to see that it is not just Flick who looks upon his past with a sort of admiration and pride. It is the entire city, and he is the local hero. The boy who didn’t exactly make it big, but he made it big enough that he’s remembered. Perhaps the town longs for that hero the same way Flick does. But it is not longing for Flick, specifically. What the town, as shown by the narrator, wants is another hero. Until one comes along, they will live vicariously through Flick’s past. â€Å"As a gag, he dribbles an inner tube, but most of us remember anyway,† the narrator ponders. It’s as though Flick wants to remind the town of his past, but he has no need because the town clings to it just as he does. Flick does not see people, he sees spectators. He does not see gas pumps, he sees opponents, teammates, and athletes. He does not see candy, he sees a high school gymnasium full of admiring fans. And also, the town does not see a person, but the person’s past. It appears to be a very mutual need for recollection. Flick and his fans are a community isolated from reality, and reality is what matters. Flick is not necessarily skilled with the lug wrench, but â€Å"it makes no difference to the lug wrench.† The warmth of memories and â€Å"a gag† are contrasted with the harsh reality that Flick’s path is a permanent one, and in the end, it doesn’t matter how many points he scored or who remembers what. The only thing that matters is the fact that Flick pumps gas. To the townspeople, he is a hero. To the rest of the world, he is nothing, if even that. However, the cold reality does not seem to affect Flick very deeply. The last image one gets is that of Flick staring past a person into â€Å"applauding tiers† of candy. The use of the word â€Å"tiers† plays as almost a joke, suggesting that Flick may be unhappy with his place in life, but he portrays himself as almost carefree by what has happened to him and content to live his life through the glo ry of his past. This poem contained an appropriate title that generated interest and hinted what the poem was about. The subject of this poem did a great job of depicting what the situation was, who is talking, and under what circumstances. The tone of this poem was very neutral by not saying that the life flick is living is good or bad. With the author not putting his opinion into the poem, it can be interpreted in many different ways. There was an excellent choice of words in this poem. The words were very simple, economical, varied and energizing, and the words used didn’t have to be complex to get a point across and paint a good picture. The metaphors, similes and personification used were striking and convincing. The use of the simile â€Å"His hands were like wild birds† did a great job at describing how Flick played basketball, and the use of â€Å"cut off† as imagery did an excellent job at showing how all of Flick’s hopes and dreams came to an end. Research Papers on "Ex-Basketball Player" by John UpdikeThe Hockey GameMind TravelTrailblazing by Eric AndersonStandardized TestingHip-Hop is ArtHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyThe Spring and AutumnNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This Nice

Ancient Flutes, Evidence of Prehistoric Music Making

Ancient Flutes, Evidence of Prehistoric Music Making Ancient flutes made of animal bone or carved from mammoth (extinct elephant) ivory are among the earliest examples of the use of ancient music- and one of the key recognized measures of behavioral modernity for modern human beings. The earliest forms of ancient flutes were made to be played like a modern recorder, that is held vertically. They were most often constructed from the hollow bones of animals, particularly bird wing bones. Bird bones are extremely well-suited for making flutes, as they are already hollow, thin and strong, so that they may be perforated without too much danger of fracturing. Later forms, carved from mammoth ivory, involve a greater grasp of the technology, including carving out the tubular form into two pieces and then fitting the pieces together with some adhesive, perhaps bitumen. Oldest Possible Ancient Flute The oldest possible bone flute discovered to date comes from a Middle Paleolithic site in Slovenia, the Divje Babe I site, a Neanderthal occupation site with Mousterian artifacts. The flute came from a stratigraphic level dated to 43,000 /- 700 RCYBP, and it was made on a juvenile cave bear femur. The Divje Babe I flute, if thats what it is, has two roughly circular holes punctured into it, and three more damaged potential holes. The layer has other gnawed cave bear bones, and some detailed scholarly research into the bones taphonomy- that is to say, the wear and markings on the bone- lead some scholars to conclude that this flute likely resulted from carnivore gnawing. Hohle Fels Flutes The Swabian Jura is an area in Germany where ivory figurines and debris from their production have been identified in numbers from the Upper Paleolithic levels. Three sites- Hohle Fels, Vogelherd, and Geißenklà ¶sterle- have produced flute fragments, all dated between about 30,000-40,000 years ago. In 2008, one nearly complete flute and two other flute fragments were discovered at the Hohle Fels Upper Paleolithic site, located in the Swabian Jura. The longest of these was made on the wing bone of a griffon vulture (Gyps fulvus). Discovered in 12 pieces and reassembled, the bone measures 21.8 centimeters (8.6 inches) long and about 8 millimeters (~1/3 of an inch) in diameter. The Hohle Fels flute has five finger holes and the blowing end has been deeply notched. Two other fragmented flutes found at Hohle Fels are made of ivory. The longest fragment is 11.7 mm (.46 in) in length, and oval (4.2x1.7 mm, or .17x.07 in) in cross-section; the other is 21.1 mm (.83 in) and also oval (7.6 mm x 2.5 mm, or .3x.1 in) in cross-section. Other Flutes Two other sites from the Swabian Jura in Germany have produced ancient flutes. Two flutes- one bird bone and one made up of ivory fragments- have been recovered from the Aurignacian levels of the Vogelherd site. The Geißenklà ¶sterle site excavations have recovered three more flutes, one from a swans wing bone, one from a possible swan wing bone, and one from mammoth ivory. A total of 22 bone flutes have been identified at the Isturitz site in the French Pyrenees, most from later Upper Paleolithic proveniences, circa 20,000 years bp. The Jiahu site, a Neolithic Peiligang culture site in China dating between ca. 7000 and 6000 BC, contained several bone flutes. Sources Taphonomy of a suggested MChase PG, and Nowell A. 1998. Paleolithic bone flute from Slovenia.iddle Current Anthropology 39(4):549-553.Conard NJ, Malina M, and Munzel SC. 2009. New flutes document the earliest musical tradition in southwestern Germany. Nature 460(7256):737-740.Fitch WT. 2006. The biology and evolution of music: A comparative perspective. Cognition 100(1):173-215.Higham T, Basell L, Jacobi R, Wood R, Ramsey CB, and Conard NJ. 2012. Testing models for the beginnings of the Aurignacian and the advent of figurative art and music: The radiocarbon chronology of Geissenklosterle. Journal of Human Evolution(0).King S, and Snchez Santiago G. 2011. Soundscapes of the Everyday in Ancient Oaxaca, Mexico. Archaeologies 7(2):387-422.Morley I. 2006. Mousterian musicianship? the case of the Divje Babe I Bone. Oxford Journal of Archaeology 25(4): 317-333.Pettitt PB. 2008. Art and the Middle-to-Upper Paleolithic transition in Europe: Comments on the archaeological arguments for an ear ly Upper Paleolithic antiquity of the Grotte Chauvet art. Journal of Human Evolution 55(5):908-917. Yang X-Y, Kadereit A, Wagner GA, Wagner I, and Zhang J-Z. 2005. TL and IRSL dating of Jiahu relics and sediments: clue of 7th millennium BC civilization in central China. Journal of Archaeological Science 32(7):1045-1051.

The Difficulty of Connecting with the Parties Responsible for Addressi Assignment

The Difficulty of Connecting with the Parties Responsible for Addressing Important Problems - Assignment Example It took an extraordinarily long time for the emergency response services to start responding to the effects of the hurricane and even then, there were evident signs that the emergency services were clearly struggling, and were having trouble coping with trying to help the hurricane survivors (Kettl, 2009). In contrast to this, Kettl’s mother in law was seen to receive an excellent end of life case through the government’s Medicaid. All her wants and needs were adequately and sufficiently addressed by the program which was seen to be doing an excellent job at ensuring that it was able to deliver quality and timely services (Kettl, 2009). Through the aid of these two illustrations, Kettl is able to identify that although the United States government has consistently proven to be good at the delivery of the basic services like medical care, garbage collection, and management of pension schemes. It had proven to be quite incapable of handling large-scale and unexpected problems like the effects of hurricane Katrina. Kettl argues that as opposed to the standard â€Å"vending machine model† that has been proven to work just fine when it comes to handling repeated problems that might face the system such as garbage collection, the handling of disasters is seen to require concentrated public-private and multi-agency partnerships (Kettl, 2009). Kettl argues that it is increasingly becoming more and more difficult for the government to adequately meet the needs and demands of its citizens. As a result of this increasing difficulty for citizens to connect with the government so as to have their important issues addressed, there has been a general drift towards the creation of a situation whereby most of the work geared at meeting the demands for better and more services by the government has now been placed in the hands of private contractors (Kettl, 2009).     

Private International Law (Conflicts of Law) Problem Question Essay

Private International Law (Conflicts of Law) Problem Question - Essay Example It could be argued that because Chris has an office in London, the English jurisdiction applies in this case. This is because he is a domicile member. He rents the office not on temporary but permanent basis. In this case, English jurisdiction applies because Companies Act 2006 states that England can sue overseas companies if one of the parties in the case has offices located in England.1 The traditional rules govern foreign enterprises in this case. What is more, they are derived from Article 5(5). Companies Act 2006 also applies in this case; because Bratwurst GmbH and Havana entered into a contract, and was to sell some of their products in England; the England laws, therefore, govern the whole enterprise as well.2 The foreign company is this case has set shop in England as well, therefore the case can be determined by the English jurisdiction. Havana has the option of depending on the Companies Act. They have a right to do business in any place within the English Jurisdiction. Whether the company is legally registered in England or not, English courts have jurisdiction because Chris is involved and he has offices in London, England. An important law, CPR 6 states that whether a business takes a few days or the England is a market for the commodities produced; the English jurisdiction shall apply.3 In this case, the complainant, Havana, has lenient choices. The fact that in the original agreement the Spanish jurisdiction would apply is overridden. Naturally, English jurisdiction would have failed to apply because the complainant is not from England. However, he is allowed by law to request for an English jurisdiction. Despite the fact that both parties agreed to have a Spanish jurisdiction, the English jurisdiction still applies because the agreement was just mutual (oral). There was no written and legally binding agreement. Forum nonconvenience allows the claimant (Havana) the right to choose where he thinks it is convenient to have

Managing People Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Managing People - Term Paper Example Strategic human resource management should be adopted by the company in order to address the issues in its operations. The starting point of all the issue for any company is its relative strength in terms of strategic management—the clarity of the goals of the company in line with its mission and vision, in order to create good strategies in order to meet those goals. Without the goals and clear strategic direction, even those which are perceived to be the best human resource practices will mean nothing if they would not play a role in fulfilling a company’s objectives FTL’s lacks strategic direction as a company until Steve Davidson has started to craft a vision, as according to the case, â€Å"Steve had considered Anders management style to be too ‘seat of the pants’ and worked hard with his management team to create a vision for the business (Mason 2000, 11).† The company’s lack of strategic direction leads a cluttered approach to human resource management as evident in the policies which do not support any concrete corporate objective for the company. Because the company lacks strategic direction, an organizational structure is not tailored to support any strategy to fulfill a corporate objective. This leads to a corporate structure that often leads to conflicts, and one that does not utilise an integrated approach to the company’s operations. The shift of organizational structure from individualised jobs to work teams in order to promote a team working culture is vital in order to address the integration issues that arise from customer frustrations and lack of ownership. Structure plays a huge role in the organization’s processes, as stated in the case, â€Å"After the training had been completed there was a noticeable improvement in attitude between and within teams, although changes in staffing and team structures tended to undermine the benefits (Mason 2000, 14).† Communication is very vital to

I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings Analysis

I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings Analysis I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings is an autobiography written by Maya Angelou. She describes about her hard life caged growing up as a black girl from the South. Maya Angelou starts the novel about her life in the age of three with her four-year-old brother Bailey. They are turned over the care of their paternal grandmother in Stamps. She describes how the two children were sent away after they parents divorce, traveling by train across the Southwestern and cling to their tag To whom It May Concern, c/o Mrs Henderson. Both kids are looking this like rejection and loss of self-worth. Im being sent away because Im no lovable. Angelou generalizes the children situations as follows: Years later I discovered that the United States had been crossed thousands of times by frightened Black children traveling alone to their newly affluent parents in Northern cities, or black to grandmothers in Southern towns when the urban North reneged on its economic promises. (Caged Bird, 4). Smith states tha t Maya opens with a primal childhood scene that brings into focus the nature of the imprisoning environment from which the self will seek escape. The black girl child is trapped within the cage of her own diminished self-image around which interlock the bars of natural and social forces. (Interpretation, 6) Her grandmothers store is the center of life in the Negro community of the town, being the pick-up and drop-off point for cotton pickers in picking season. Her grandmother Henderson is presented not only as the main role in center of her family, but as the leader of the black community in Stamps, strong and religious. McMurry argues that from Mayas eyes the customers in her grandmothers store were trapped in cotton fields, no amount of hope and work to get them out. Her uncle Willie is caged must have been tired of being crippled, as prisoners tire of penitentiary bars and the guilty tire of blame. Her grandmother rises each morning with consciousness of a caged animal (Interpretation, 27). Maya and her brother Baily were very close during their childhood and most of their adolescence. Maya in her story writes, During these years in Stamps, I met and fell in love with William Shakespeare. He was my first white love (Caged Bird, 11). Maya writes that But it was Shakespeare who said, `When in disgrace with fortune and mens eyes. It was a state with which I felt myself most familiar. I pacified myself about his whiteness by saying that after all he had been dead so long that it couldnt matter to anyone any more. She also enjoys the works of many prominent black authors, which her Momma, or grandmother, approves more of. Although young Maya likes Shakespeare, and is fine with the fact that he is white, her Momma wouldnt want to know that Maya enjoys a white mans work. Maya feels that she again is caged and cant express her thoughts and feeling about Shakespeare with grandmother. Angelou recalls how Momma used to make them bathe and wash constantly, even in cold water in wintertime. She used to insist on them being respectful and clean, which most people were, except for the powhitetrash children that came into the town. Those that came to the store were often very rude, but young Maya and her family are not allowed to say anything, because they are black. Angelou describes her Momma; she is tall, big, and strong, and leads in the hymns at church every Sunday. She is old-fashioned, though, as she teaches the children to behave as she was to behave as a child, and teaches them to act according to outdated racial codes of behavior. Carol Neubauer comments in Angelous relationship with her grandmother states that Momma becomes a sort of superwoman of enormous proportions with ten feet tall with eight-foot arms and comes to the helpless childs rescue. In this alternate vision, Angelou switches to fantasy to suggest the depth of the childs humiliation and the resi due of pain even after her two bad teeth have been pulled. Fantasy, finally, is used to demonstrate the undiminÂÂÂ ­ished strength of the character of Momma. The recession hit the community and the big difference between the white and black communities of Stamps is noted; white people have plenty of clothes and can afford to be charitable and spend too much, and still they have enough for themselves. In the black community, people can hardly afford to give anything away, so when they do, it is much appreciated. Even though Momma has land and money, even she doesnt spend money like the white people do, budgeting carefully and never wasting anything. Even Momma makes all of the clothes for herself and the children, and only buys Uncle Willie expensive, ready-made clothes and shoes. The depression hits Stamps, and leads to wages being cut and difficulty making ends meet. That also means that they cant afford to shop at the store, and Momma has to figure out how to keep the store running and still make money. She allows the townspeople to trade the relief food that they get for credit at the store, and is able to keep things going there. The entire black community of Stamps Smith argues, itself caged in the social reality of racial subordination and impotence (Modern Critics, 133) Christmas comes, and Maya and Bailey get presents from their parents, who they hadnt heard of since they were shipped off to Stamps. Maya and Baileys father comes to Stamps the next year, to see his children; neither of them were warned that he was coming, and it is hard for them to face their father in the flesh and give up the fantasies they had about their absent father. He is tall and handsome, and more proper and wealthy than the people in Stamps. Maya is happy that he is there, but then thinks that if people see her and her father together, their dissimilarity in looks will make people think she is not his daughter. When they finally do meet their mother, she is very beautiful and charming, and Maya and Bailey are no longer nervous or sad at being taken away from Stamps. Saint Louis is the important turning point in Mayas life. She received the mothers love and care that she missed all the years in Stamps. Maya doesnt have friends and only Bailey is the only one she can share h er secret. Maya writes Saint Louis was a foreign country. In my mind I only stayed in St. Louis a few weeks and I carried the same shield that I used in Stamps: I didnt come to stay. (Caged Bird, 58). In Saint Louis, mothers boyfriend, Mr. Friedman raped Maya at age of eight and she hospitalized. Maya describes that she looked at Mr. Freeman as a father figure. He was the only real man that was a part of her life. Being at a young age she thought that Mr. Freeman just loved and cared for her, just like any little girl would. But it went farther Mr. Freeman eventually forces her to have sex, and threatens her not to tell anybody. Ultimately, Maya was convinced that by her telling everyone about Mr. Freeman raping her, however condemning him and lying about the other times he molested her, she caused his death. Thinking that now every time she lies, someone will die, Maya decides to shield others by not speaking to anyone except Bailey. I had discovered that to achieve perfect personal silence al l I had to do was to attach myself leechlike to sound. I began to listen to everything. I probably hoped that after I heard all the sounds the world would be quiet around me (Caged Bird , 87). The lack of sound in Mayas life due to the rape and lies she said under oath had become the most important thing to her. Her life now became the sound of everyone else, burying the sound she believes can kill; her own voice. Mayas writing is simple and she is very honest. Bertolino states that Angelous description of her molestation and rape is probably the most valuable part of her remarkable book. Angelou tells the story honestly, without sensationalism, yet with enough palpable detail and enough insight so we, the readers, might to understand. (Blooms Note, 56) After these difficulties, Maya and her brother went at Stamps. Smith argues that Mayas psychological and emotional devastation find a mirror in Stamps social devastation. Stamps gives her back the familiarity and security of well-known cage. She climbs back in happily, losing herself in her silent world, surrendering herself to her own worthlessness. (Modern Critical Views, 9). Mrs Bertha Flowers played an important role in her life. Mrs. Flowers allowed Maya to come out of her depression and learned about many different things. Mrs. Flower helped Maya to come out of depression, she says to her Now no one is going to make you talk-possibly no one can. But bear in mind, language is a mans way of communicating with his fellow man and it is language alone which separates him from the lower animal (Caged Bird, #). Mrs. Flowers, also introduces Maya to reading books, she learns that she must be biased of ignorance, but understanding of the illiteracy, and also Mrs. Flowers offered her to cookies and tea. Smith argues Mrs Flower opens the door to the caged birds silence with the key of acceptance. For the first time Maya is accepted as an individual rather than as a relation to someone else: I was liked, and what a difference it made. I was respected not as Mrs. Andersons grandchild or Baileys sister but just being Marguerite Johnson (Caged bird, 98). Such unqualified acceptance allows her to experience the incipient power of her own self-worth. (Modern Critical Views, 9). Angelou describes again the inequality between whites and blacks and looked them in cage. Equal education opportunities are also lacking, and the intellectual capacities of blacks are assumed severely limited; the schools provide an academic curriculum for whites and an athletic one for blacks. The white kids were going to have a chance to become Galileo and Edisonand the (black) boys (the girls werent even in on it) would try to be Jesse Owenses and Joe Louises, writes Angelou (Caged Bird, 151). Using both irony and straightforward description, Angelou confronts racism and gender bias, and tries to sensitize readers to these issues. Her voice come stronger and emotional It was awful to be Negro and have no control over my life. It was brutal to be young and already trained to sit quietly and listen to charges brought against my color with no chance of defense. We should all be dead. (Caged Bird, 153) At the graduation ceremony, during which the exciting expectation of the young graduates and their families and friends are exploded casually by the words of an oblivious and insensitive white speaker, the young girl comes to know already the desperation of impotence (Modern Critical, 10): It was awful to be Negro and have no control over my life. It was brutal to be young and already trained to it quietly and listens to charges brought against my color with no chance of defense. We should all be dead. I thought I should like to see us all dead, one on top of the other. (Caged bird, 153) Angelou using her memories to show how hard was the life of black society she was caged in black community. During a Gradation Party Maya gets a toothache and goes to see a white doctor. The doctor refuses to put his hands in a black girls mouth saying: My policy is Id rather stick my hand in a dogs mouth than in a niggers (Caged Bird, 160). .. Maya continues her story in 1941 where her mother, Vivian marries Clidell and they move to San Francisco. Maya and Baily again went to live with Vivian Baxter. Maya attended to George Washington High School and the age fourteen received scholarship to attend to California Labor School, where she took evening classes in a drama and dance. In 1943 when Maya was 15 years old she spent a summer with her father at a trailer park in Los Angeles. Maya accompanies her father to a small Mexican town where he proceeds to get obviously drunk, leaving her with responsibility of getting them back to Los Angeles. For the first time, Maya finds herself totally in control for her fate. She never had driven a car but her courage she did. And although the drive culminates in accidents, she triumphs. Unable to get along with her father and his live-in girlfriend she ran away and lived for 6 weeks in junkyard that was the residence of a community of homeless children. Angelou was impressed by this nonjudgmental and self-sufficient group of young transients and she felt that her experience with them served as a kind of initiation into the human race. Recalling this group in Caged Bird Angelou wrote: After hunting down unbroken bottles and selling them with a white girl from Missouri, a Mexican girl from Los Angeles, and a Black girl from Oklahoma, I was never again to sense myself so solidly outside the pale of the human race. The lack of criticism evidenced by our ad hoc community influenced me, and set a tone of tolerance for my life (215). This moment succeeded by a month spend wrecked car provide her with knowledge of self-determination and a confirmation of her self-worth. With this affirmative knowledge and power, while is she was in high school she decide to work and applied for a position as a conductor in streetcars. Stamps acquiescence and cage is left far behind in Arkansas Maya assumes control over her own social destiny and engaged in the struggle with lifes forces. Braxton argues that another positive identity experience occurs in the world of work Marguerite is determine to become a conductor on the San Francisco streetcars, even though no black have been hired previously. She visits the Market Street Railway Office with the frequency of a person on salary until she is hired, breaking the color barrier previously imposed against blacks and achieving a degree of independence (Modern Critical, 228. ) In her story, Maya concludes, The black female is assaulted in her tender year by those common forces of nature at the same time that she is caught in the tripartite crossfire of masculine prejudice, white illogical hate and Black lack of power. (Caged Bird, 231) She has broken out the rusted bars of her social cage. (page 11) Maya become increasingly concerned about her body, which to her seemed unfeminine and underdeveloped. Though her mother tried to informed her otherwise, Angelou feared that she was physically abnormal and began to wonder if she could be lesbian. Wanting to assure herself of her sexual identity, Angelou invited a male classmate to have sex with her one time. The incident resulted in a pregnancy and have a baby boy. It is the born of the baby the main turn point in Mayas life and her triumph. Smith states Maya Angelous autobiography comes to a sense of an ending: the black American girl child has succeed in freeing herself from the natural and social bars imprisoning her in the cage of her diminished self-image by assuming control of her life and fully acceptation her black womanhood. (Modern critic, 12)

New Roots for Agricultural Technology Essay -- Agriculture Farm Farmin

New Roots for Agricultural Technology "There was once a town in the heart of America where all life seemed to live in harmony with its surroundings." So begins the excerpt in Pojman from Rachel Carson's Silent Spring. Carson asks us to envision the human ecological harmony that may be the ultimate fantasy of most environmentalists. This allows us to refresh our vision and strengthen our inspiration to fight for this ideal, as she then describes the possibilities of destruction which may await this community. Her imagery reminds us why our struggle for a better life is important, ethical and justified. The writers of the articles that follow dismiss this envisioning as "lyrical hysteria" (Ray and Guzzo) and try to persuade us that our well-reasoned goals are emotional, unfounded preferences. They distract us with the uncertainty of statistical studies, without taking a deep look at the roots of the misdirected technologies that are modern agriculture. Carson, on the other hand, like Japanese ex-microbiologist and farmer M asanobu Fukuoka, seeks more sophisticated analyses of the present need for technology like pesticides, and a truly better alternative. Fukuoka has well shown that natural farming is better than modern farming, not because it measures up in scientific tests of productivity (which it does), but because its basis is ethical, non-violent, and desirable for humans and our environment. Why are we faced with the painful tradeoffs between the harmful and useful effects of pesticides, rather than the question of why we depend on them so much in the first place? We need to question the culture that directs the science we use to develop our technology. Both Carson and Pimentel describe how scientific farming, that is... ...sion may be trying to prevent us from exploring the peoples' underlying motivation for action, as Fumento tries when he ridicules those "besiegers" who challenge modern science. In combating these simplified dialogues that silence innovation, I think our discussion of ethics is on the right track. We must approach the development and use of agricultural production technology with our well-reasoned decisions why working with nature is better than dominating it. There is more to ethical decisions than proving that Alar does not poison children. We must find a way to incorporate into the sciences that create our technologies the ethical intentions that drive parents to fight against agricultural chemicals. Work Cited: Boserup, Ester. 1966. The conditions of agricultural growth: economics of agrarian change under population pressure. Chicago, Aldine Pub. Co.

“Living in sin” by Adrienne Rich Essay

Being a woman is different from being a man. Women do have difficulties living with men. In the poem † Living in Sin†, the author, Adrienne Rich, has showed the difficulties of their life, and the horrible relationship through her figurative language, and imagery. The imagery reveals the difficulties and differences between men and women. First, she has â€Å"A plate of pears, a piano with a Persian shawl,† in her life. A plate of pears represents the sweetness of life. She expects she will have a sweet life, a great relationship with her mate. Secondly, â€Å"a towel to dust the table-top, and let the coffee-pot boil over on the stove† has shown that she has to take care of everything in the house. She uses a towel to clean the table. This shows her annoyance from cleaning, and she cleans the table carelessly. Finally, â€Å"By evening she was back in love again,† â€Å"she woke sometimes to feel the daylight coming like a relentless milkman up the stair.† These two lines contain both overstatement and irony. When the night is coming, she feels relax and back in love because she finishes all her work, and she can take a rest. Contrarily, when the morning is coming, she feels disappointed because all the annoying things will happen again. The carelessness of her mate makes her feels bad and she will no longer stay there.

Green Marketing

Consumer Awareness towards Green Marketing 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Terms like â€Å"Green Marketing† and â€Å"Environmental Marketing† appear frequently in the popular press. Many governments around the world have become so concerned about green marketing activities that they have attempted to regulate them. Other similar terms used are Environmental Marketing and Ecological Marketing. American Marketing Association Define: – Green marketing is the marketing of products that are presumed to be environmentally safe. Thus green marketing incorporates a broad range of activities including: ? ? ? Product modification, Changes to the production process, Packaging changes, As well as modifying advertising To succeed, any green strategy must fulfill three criteria: ? Firstly, it must be a sustainable and credible programmed, which brings real benefits to the environment. ? Secondly, it must deliver sound economic ROI and competitive advantage to the business. ? Thirdly, i t must be supported by relevant green messages, which resonate with customers and prospects. Basically the main aim of the project is to analyze the developments which are taking place throughout the world to promote green products and green marketing. Title of the project: The title of the project is â€Å"Consumer awareness towards Green Marketing. † 1 Consumer Awareness towards Green Marketing ? Objectives of Research: †¢ †¢ †¢ To understand the level of awareness regarding green marketing among consumers. To understand the buying behavior of consumers related to green marketing. To understand how green marketing helps Company to built its image. To understand initiative taken by government towards green marketing. To understand the success of green marketing as a corporate social responsibility. †¢ †¢ Limitations of the study: †¢ Demographic Constraints – will be a main issue of concern. This is †¢ †¢ due to the reason that t he data collection will be restricted to the Borivali and Kandivali region. Unawareness – people are unaware of the i. e. Green marketing. Time Constraint – the time duration for doing the complete research on green marketing is very limited. Green Marketing a broad topic which requires an in-depth research and analysis. Due to the time period given for research is very limited. 2. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 2 Consumer Awareness towards Green MarketingResearch Methodology is a way to systematically solve the research problem. It may be understood as a science of studying how research is done scientifically. When we talk of research methodology we not only talk of the research methods but also consider the logic behind the methods we use in the context of our research study and explain why we are using a particular method or technique and why we are not using others. The major steps involved in research process are: ? Formulating the Research Problem ? Choice of Research Desi gn ? Sources of Data ?Processing and analyzing the data ? Formulating the Research Problem: The problem well defined is half solved. The formulation of a general topic into a specific research problem constitutes the first step of specific enquiry. ? Unit of analysis: Consumers between age group of 25 to 30 yrs. ? Characteristics of Interest: Awareness of Green Marketing. ? Choice of Research Design: Every project requires an action plan and method for conducting a study. This project is more prone to single cross-sectional descriptive research design. 3 Consumer Awareness towards Green Marketing Sources of Data: The data presented are both primary data and secondary data. ? Primary Data: The primary data are those which are collected afresh and for the first time, and thus happen to be original in character. We collect primary data during the course of doing experiments in an experimental research but in case we do research of the descriptive type and performs surveys. Here the Pri mary data will be collected by means of preparing a questionnaire and getting it filled by a large sample space. These questionnaires will help in drawing conclusions about the case. Secondary Data: Secondary data means data that are already available i. e. they refer to the data which have already been collected and analyzed by someone else. When the researcher utilizes secondary data then he has to look into various sources from where he can obtain them. In this case he is certainly not confronted with the problems that are usually associated with the collection of original data. Secondary data may either be published data or unpublished data. ? Processing and analyzing the data: The data analysis has been done in correct form.Usage of current information & graph is made in the project so as to make it easier & appropriate to understand. 3. INTRODUCTION TO GREEN MARKETING Environmental issues have gained importance in business as well as in public life throughout the world. It is not like that a few leaders of different countries 4 Consumer Awareness towards Green Marketing or few big renowned business houses are concerned about the day to day deterioration of oxygen level in our atmosphere but every common citizen of our country and the world is concerned about this common threat of global warming.So in this scenario of global concern, corporate houses has taken greenmarketing as a part of their strategy to promote products by employing environmental claims either about their attributes or about the systems, policies and processes of the firms that manufacture or sell them. 5 Consumer Awareness towards Green Marketing Clearly green marketing is part and parcel of overall corporate strategy; along with manipulating the traditional marketing mix (product, price, promotion and place), it require an understanding of public policy process.So we can say green marketing covers a broad range of activities. 3. 1 Definition & Meaning According to the American Marketi ng Association, green marketing is the marketing of products that are presumed to be environmentally safe. Thus green marketing incorporates a broad range of activities, including 6 Consumer Awareness towards Green Marketing ? ? ? ? Product modification, Changes to the production process, Packaging changes, as well as Modifying advertising. So, in simple terms Green marketing refers to the process of selling products and/or services based on their environmental benefits.Such a product or service may be environmentally friendly in itself or produced and/or packaged in an environmentally friendly way. 7 Consumer Awareness towards Green Marketing Green marketing consists of all activities designed to generate and facilitate any exchanges intended to satisfy human needs or wants, such that the satisfaction of these needs and wants occurs, with minimal detrimental impact on the natural environment. 8 Consumer Awareness towards Green Marketing The many meanings of green The different mean ings of GREEN 9 Consumer Awareness towards Green Marketing . 2 Evolution of Green Marketing The green marketing has evolved over a period of time. According to Peattie (2001), the evolution of green marketing has three phases: ? First phase was termed as â€Å"Ecological† green marketing, and during this period all marketing activities were concerned to help environment problems and provide remedies for environmental problems. ? Second phase was â€Å"Environmental† green marketing and the focus shifted on clean technology that involved designing of innovative new products, which take care of pollution and waste issues. Third phase was â€Å"Sustainable† green marketing. It came into prominence in the late 1990s and early 2000. 3. 3 Importance of Green Marketing 10 Consumer Awareness towards Green Marketing Human Beings have limited resources on the earth, with which she/he must attempt to provide for the worlds' unlimited wants. There is extensive debate as to whether the earth is a resource at man's disposal. In market societies where there is â€Å"freedom of choice†, it has generally been accepted that individuals and organizations have the right to attempt to have their wants satisfied.As firms face limited natural resources, they must develop new or alternative ways of satisfying these unlimited wants. Ultimately green marketing looks at how marketing activities utilize these limited resources, while satisfying consumers wants, both of individuals and industry, as well as achieving the selling organization's objectives. When looking through the literature there are several suggested reasons for firms increased use of Green Marketing. Five possible reasons cited are: ? Organizations perceive environmental marketing to be an opportunity ? ? ? ? hat can be used to achieve its objectives. Organizations believe they have a moral obligation to be more socially responsible. Governmental bodies are forcing firms to become more respons ible. Competitors' environmental activities pressure firms to change their environmental marketing activities. Cost factors associated with waste disposal, or reductions in material usage forces firms to modify their behavior. 11 Consumer Awareness towards Green Marketing 3. 4 GOALS OF GREEN MARKETING ? Eliminate the concept of waste. ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Reinvent the concept of product.Make prices reflect actual and environmental costs. Make environmentalism profitable. Bringing out product modifications. Changing in production processes. Packaging changes. Modifying advertising. 12 Consumer Awareness towards Green Marketing 3. 5 Need of Green Marketing: An Anthropological View Issues like Global warming and depletion of ozone umbrella are the main for the healthy survival. Every person rich or poor would be interested in quality life with full of health and vigour and so would the corporate class. Financial gain and economic profit is the main aim of any corporate business.But harm to en vironment cost by sustain business across the globe is realized now though off late. This sense is building corporate citizenship in the business class. So green marketing by the business class is still in the selfish anthological perspective of long term sustainable business and to please the consumer and obtain the sanction license by the governing body. Industries in Asian countries are catching the need of green marketing from the developed countries but still there is a wide gap between their understanding and implementation. 3. 6 Challenges in Green Marketing 13 Consumer Awareness towards Green Marketing Need For Standardization: It is found that only 5% of the marketing messages from â€Å"Green† campaigns are entirely true and there is a lack of standardization to authenticate these claims. There is no standardization to authenticate these claims. There is no standardization currently in place to certify a product as organic. Unless some regulatory bodies are involved in providing the certifications there will not be any verifiable means. A standard quality control board needs to be in place for such labeling and licensing. ? New Concept: Indian literate and urban consumer is getting more aware about the merits of Green products.But it is still a new concept for the masses. The consumer needs to be educated and made aware of the environmental threats. The new green movements need to reach the masses and that will take a lot of time and effort. By India’s ayurvedic heritage, Indian consumers do appreciate the importance of using natural and herbal beauty products. Indian consumer is exposed to healthy living lifestyles such as yoga and natural food consumption. In those aspects the consumer is already aware and will be inclined to accept the green products. ? Patience and Perseverance: 14 Consumer Awareness towards Green MarketingThe investors and corporate need to view the environment as a major longterm investment opportunity, the market ers need to look at the long-term benefits from this new green movement. It will require a lot of patience and no immediate results. Since it is a new concept and idea, it will have its own acceptance period. ? Avoiding Green Myopia: The first rule of green marketing is focusing on customer benefits i. e. the primary reason why consumers buy certain products in the first place. Do this right, and motivate consumers to switch brands or even pay a premium for the greener alternative.It is not going to help if a product is developed which is absolutely green in various aspects but does not pass the customer satisfaction criteria. This will lead to green myopia. Also if the green products are priced very high then again it will lose its market acceptability. 3. 7 Benefits of Green Marketing Today’s consumers are becoming more and more conscious about the environment and are also becoming socially responsible. Therefore, more 15 Consumer Awareness towards Green Marketing companies are responsible to consumer’s aspirations for environmentally less damaging or neutral products.Many companies want to have an early mover advantage as they have to eventually move towards becoming green. Some of the advantages of green marketing are: ? It ensures sustained long term growth along with profitability. ? It saves money in the long run, though initially the cost is more. ? It helps the companies market their products and services keeping the environment aspects in mind. ? It helps in accessing the new markets and enjoying the competitive advantage. ? Most of the employees also feel proud and responsible to be working for an environmentally responsible company. 4. PRESENT TREND IN GREEN MARKETING . 1 GREEN Code 16 Consumer Awareness towards Green Marketing Generalizes with care. Consumer behavior will not necessarily be consistent across different product types, and particular market segments may respond to certain issues on the green agenda but not others. Remem bers, the validity of a piece of market research is not related to the degree to which it supports your preferred option. Explores the context from which market research data comes. Be clear on the nature of the sample used, the questions asked, the way in which responses were recorded and the time and place from which the responses come.Ensures that where market research is crossing international borderlines, that the terminology and interpretation remains consistent. Terms like ‘environment’, ‘green’ and ‘conservation’ do not always translate precisely between languages. Neutrality is important. Ensure that when you pose questions to consumers, that they can make any response without being made to feel guilty or uncomfortable, and ensure that your own preconceptions about the green agenda (such as an assumption that green products will cost extra) are not encoded within the questions. 4. 2 Golden Rules of Green Marketing 1.Know your customer: If you want to sell a greener product to consumers, you first need to make sure that the consumer is aware of and concerned about the issues that your product attempts to address. (Whirlpool learned the hard 17 Consumer Awareness towards Green Marketing way that consumers wouldn’t pay a premium for a CFC-free refrigerator because consumers didn’t know what CFCs were! ). 2. Empower consumers: Make sure that consumers feel, by themselves or in concert with all the other users of your product, that they can make a difference. This is called â€Å"empowerment† and it’s the main reason why consumers buy greener products. . Be transparent: Consumers must believe in the legitimacy of your product and the specific claims you are making. Caution: There’s a lot of skepticism out there that is fueled by the raft of spurious claims made in the â€Å"go-go† era of green marketing that occurred during the late 80s–early90s — one brand of ho usehold cleaner claimed to have been â€Å"environmentally friendly since 1884†! 4. Reassure the buyer: Consumers need to believe that your product performs the job it’s supposed to do — they won't forego product quality in the name of the environment. Besides, products that don’t work will likely wind up in the trash bin, and that’s not very kind to the environment. ) 5. Consider your pricing: If you're charging a premium for your product — and many environmentally preferable products cost more due to economies of scale and use of higher-quality ingredients — make sure that consumers can afford the premium and feel it’s worth it. Many consumers, of course, cannot afford premiums for any type of product these days, much less greener ones, so keep this in mind as you develop your target audience and product specifications. . 3 Green Marketing Strategies V/S Conventional Marketing 18 Consumer Awareness towards Green Marketing Gre en Marketing Consumers Human beings with lives â€Å"Cradle-to cradle† flexible services Conventional Marketing Consumers with lifestyles â€Å"cradle-to-gave† one size fits for all products Selling oriented and benefits Receptive, independent, competitive, departmentalized, short term oriented profit maximizing. Products Marketing And Communication Educational values Corporate Proactive, interdependent, cooperative, holistic, long term 4. GREEN MARKETING MIX PRODUCT 19 Consumer Awareness towards Green Marketing Entrepreneurs wanting to exploit emerging green markets either: Identify customers’ environmental needs and develop products to address these needs or will develop environmentally responsible products to have less impact than competitors. The increasingly wide variety of products on the market that support sustainable developments are: ? Products made from recycled goods, such as Quick’ N Tuff housing ? ? ? ? ? ? ? materials made from recycled bro ccoli boxes.Products that can be recycled or reused. Efficient products, which save water, energy or gasoline, save money and reduce environmental impact. Products with environmentally responsible packaging, McDonalds, for example, changed their packaging from polystyrene clamshells to paper. Products with green labels, as long as they offer substantiation. Certified products, which meet or exceed environmentally responsible criteria. Organic products-many customers are prepared to pay a premium for organic products, which offer promise of quality.Organic butchers, for example, promote the added qualities such as taste and tenderness. A service that rents or loans products-toy libraries. Whatever the product or service, it is vital to ensure that products meet or exceed the quality expectation of customers and is thoroughly tested. PRICE Pricing is the critical element of the marketing mix. Most customers will only be prepared to pay a premium if there is a perception of additional product 20 Consumer Awareness towards Green Marketing value. This value may be improved performance, function, design, visual appeal or taste.Environmental benefits will be often being the deciding factor between products of equal value or quality. Environmentally responsible products, however are often less expensive when product life cycle coast are taken into consideration, for example fuel-efficient vehicles, water efficient printing and non-hazardous products. PLACE The choice of where and when to make products available will have significant impact on the customers you attract. Very few customers go out of their way to buy green products merely for the sake of it.Marketers looking to successfully introduce new green products should position them broadly in the market place so they are not just appealing to a small green niche market. The location must also be consistent with the image you want to project and allow you to project your own image rather than being dominated or co mpromised by the image of venue. The location must differentiate you from the competitors. This can be achieved by in-store promotions and visually appealing displays or using recycled materials to emphasize the environmental and other benefits. PROMOTION 21 Consumer Awareness towards Green MarketingPromoting products and services to target markets include paid advertising, public relations, sales promotions, direct marketing and on-site promotions. Smart green marketers will be able to reinforce environmental credibility by using sustainable marketing and communication tools and practices. For example, many companies in the financial industry are providing electronic statements by email; e-marketing is rapidly replacing more traditional marketing methods and printed materials can be produced using recycled materials and efficient processes such as waterless printing.Retailers, for example are recognizing the value of alliances with other companies, environmental groups and research organizations. When promoting their environmental commitment to reduce the use of plastic bags and promote their green commitment, some retailers sell shopping bags and promote their green commitments. 4. 5 Green Marketing Process Green marketing process comprises with external and internal P’s. After integrating external and internal P’s, green success will automatically come through four S’s.Here external 7 P’s consists of Paying customers, Providers, Politicians, Pressure groups, Problems, Predictions and Partners; internal 7P’s consists of Products, Promotion, Price, Place, Providing information, Processes and Policies. After integrating external and internal 7P’s, we can 22 Consumer Awareness towards Green Marketing find out the green successes through 4 S’s such as Satisfaction – of stakeholder needs, Safety – of products and processes, Social acceptability – of the company and Sustainability – of it s activities.External Green P’s †¢ Paying customers †¢ Providers †¢ Politician’s †¢ Pressure groups †¢ Problems †¢ Predictions †¢ Partners Internal Green P’s †¢ Products †¢ Promotion †¢ Price †¢ Place †¢ Providing information †¢ Processes †¢ Policies Green Marketing 4. 6 Green Marketing: A Corporate Initiative The S’s of Green Success  · Satisfaction – of stakeholder needs  · Safety – of products and processes  · Social acceptability – of the company  · Sustainability – of its activities Green important in because limited earth and if we Marketing is today’s world mankind has resources on the want long term 3 Consumer Awareness towards Green Marketing sustainability of human life on this earth’s surface, then companies has to learn to conserve these scarce natural resources and create products that have less environmental damage. Otherwi se the very existence of humankind will be under question mark. Corporate are going green from the grassroots level to sustain and win the customers’ expectations. The environment is becoming increasingly important part of the corporate reputations and they are actively participating in greening the corporate strategy.Companies have converted almost all the products to make them eco-friendly products. Following are the recent environment friendly initiatives taken by the companies. Cipla: CFC-free Inhaler: Cipla, India’s second largest drug company by market share has planned and started replacing all its CFC contained drugs to meet the international standard and Montreal Protocol ban deadline. The CFC depletes the ozone layer and also is a major cause of global warming. Cipla has updated the necessary technology to avoid the CFC and has also done its clinical trial in India and overseas.The Rota haler and the Asthalin inhaler are environment – friendly inhalers , used by asthma and bronchitis patients. These inhalers are using HFA (Hydro Fluro Alkaline) technology. The Rota haler is a powder based inhaler, different from regular inhaler which contains propellants. Maruti Suzuki The company has remained ahead of regulatory requirements in pursuit of environment protection and energy conservation at its manufacturing facilities, and in development of products that use fewer natural resources and are environment friendly. The company credited the ‘Just-in-Time' philosophy 24Consumer Awareness towards Green Marketing adopted and internalized by the employees as the prime reason that helped to excel in this direction. The company has been promoting 3R since its inception. As a result the company has not only been able to recycle 100% of treated waste water but also reduced fresh water consumption. The company has implemented rain water harvesting to recharge the aquifers. Also, recyclable packing for bought out components is being activel y promoted. The company has been facilitating implementation of Environment Management System (EMS) at its suppliers' end.Regular training programs are conducted for all the suppliers on EMS. Surveys are conducted to assess the vendors who need more guidance. The systems and the environmental performance of suppliers are audited. The green co-efficient of this system is much better than the conventional system. The Country’s largest car manufacturer had managed to slash energy consumption per car at its Gurgaon factory by 26 per cent over the past six years, while its carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions during car manufacturing processes has come down 39 per cent in the past five years.The model with gas as fuel was adopted by Maruti Suzuki India Limited as their Green Marketing practices. Bharat Petroleum Bharat Petroleum launched a campaign to position itself as a responsible corporate ‘green’ entity. Foraying into renewable energy-solar and wind power-it installed solar panels on its service stations. It also ran a program to cut production of greenhouse gases by 10% across its units worldwide and achieved it much ahead of schedule. Cleaner fuels such as Greener Diesel 25 Consumer Awareness towards Green Marketing (ultra low sulphur content) and BP Auotgas were developed.Almost all of its plants are ISO 14001 certified. Currently it is running a program to contain its net emissions at current levels for ten years. Hindustan Petroleum Hindustan petroleum owns a massive e-waste recycling plants, where enormous shredders and granulators reduce four million pounds of computer detritus each month to bite-sized chunks-the first step in reclaiming not just steel and plastic but also toxic chemicals like mercury and even some precious metals. HP will take back any brand of equipment; its own machines are 100 percent recyclable.It has promised to cut energy consumption by 20 percent by 2010. Proctor & Gamble Laundry detergents are also touting energy savings. Proctor & Gamble’s (P) newest market entry, Tide Coldwater, is designed to clean clothes effectively in cold water. About 80 to 85 percent of the energy used to wash clothes from heating water. Working with utility companies, P and G found that consumers could save energy and resources by using cold rather than warm water. As energy and resource prices continue to soar, opportunities for products offering efficiency and savings are destined for market growth.ITC ITC has been ‘Carbon Positive’ for three years in a row sequestering/storing twice the amount of CO2 than the Company emits. It has been ‘Water Positive' six years in a row creating three times more Rainwater Harvesting potential than ITC's net consumption. It has obtained close to 100% solid waste recycling. All Environment, Health and Safety Management Systems in ITC conform to the best international standards. ITC's businesses generate livelihoods for over 5 million people. 26 Consumer A wareness towards Green MarketingITC's globally recognized E-Choupal initiative is the world's largest rural digital infrastructure benefiting over 4 million farming families. ITC's Social and Farm Forestry initiative has greened over 80,000 hectares creating an estimated 35 million person days of employment among the disadvantaged. ITC's Watershed Development Initiative brings precious water to nearly 35,000 hectares of dry lands and moisture-stressed areas. ITC's Sustainable Community Development initiatives include women empowerment, supplementary education, integrated animal husbandry programs. 4. Initiatives Taken By Government Development of ISO 14000 Series of Standards. ISO has been developed to help any company in any country to meet the goal of sustainable development and environmental friendliness. The ISO 14000 family of standards (i. e. ISO 14001, 14004, 14010, 14011 and 1412) were published as an official document in 1996. The ISO series aims to provide guidance for dev eloping a comprehensive approach to environmental 27 Consumer Awareness towards Green Marketing management and for standardizing some key environmental tools of analysis such as labeling and life cycle assessment.Eco-Labeling Initiatives Eco label provide information regarding the environmental performance of products. The objective of eco-labeling is to provide authentication to genuine claims regarding the environmental impact of products and processes by manufacturers. In India the government has introduced the eco-mark scheme since 1981. The objectives of the scheme are: †¢ To provide incentives to manufacturers and importers to reduce the adverse environmental impact of products. †¢ To reward genuine initiatives by companies to reduce adverse impact of environmental impact of products. To assist consumers to become environmentally responsible in their daily lives by providing them information to take account of environmental factors in their daily lives. †¢ To en courage citizens to purchase products which have less environmental impact. Eco-Labeling Schemes in India The Ministry of environment and forest of government of India has prescribed the following criteria for products that: †¢ They cause substantially less pollution than comparable products in production, usage and disposal. †¢ They are recycled and/or recyclable whereas comparable products are not. They contribute to a reduction on adverse environmental health consequences. 28 Consumer Awareness towards Green Marketing †¢ They comply with laws, standards and regulations pertaining to the environment. †¢ Their price is not exorbitantly higher than comparable products. Eco-Mark in India Under the concept, products which are less harmful to the environment or have benign impact on environment through the various stages of development-manufacture, packaging, distribution, use and disposal or recycling may be awarded the Eco-Mark.An earthen pot has been chosen as th e logo for Eco-Mark scheme in India. The familiar earthen pot has renewable resource like earth, does not produce hazardous waste and consume little energy in making. As a symbol it puts across its environmental message. Its image has the ability to reach people and help to promote a greater awareness of the need to be kind to the environment. The logo Eco-Mark scheme signifies that the product which carries it does least damage to the environment. 4. 6 Reasons for adoption of Green Marketing by the Firms.Green marketing has been widely adopted by the firms worldwide and the following are the possible reasons cited for this wide adoption: 1) Opportunities – As demands change, many firms see these changes as an opportunity to be exploited and have a competitive advantage over firms marketing non-environmentally responsible alternatives. Some examples of 29 Consumer Awareness towards Green Marketing firms who have strived to become more environmentally responsible, in an attemp t to better satisfy their consumer needs are: ?McDonald's replaced its clam shell packaging with waxed paper because of increased consumer concern relating to polystyrene production and Ozone depletion. ? Tuna manufacturers modified their fishing techniques because of the increased concern over driftnet fishing, and the resulting death of dolphins. ? Xerox introduced a â€Å"high quality† recycled photocopier paper in an attempt to satisfy the demands of firms for less environmentally harmful products. 2) Governmental Pressure – As with all marketing related activities, governments want to â€Å"protect† consumers and society; this protection has significant green marketing implications.Governmental regulations relating to environmental marketing are designed to protect consumers in several ways: 1. Reduce production of harmful goods or by-products. 2. Modify consumer and industry's use and/or consumption of harmful goods. 3. Ensure that all types of consumers h ave the ability to evaluate the environmental composition of goods. Governments establish regulations designed to control the amount of hazardous wastes produced by firms. 3) Competitive Pressure – Another major force in the environmental marketing area has been firms' desire to maintain their competitive position.In many cases firms observe competitors promoting their environmental behaviors and attempt to emulate this behavior. In some instances this competitive pressure has caused an entire industry to modify and thus reduce its detrimental environmental behavior. For example, it could be argued that Xerox's â€Å"Revive 100% Recycled paper† was introduced a few years ago in an attempt to address the introduction of recycled photocopier paper by other manufacturers. In another example when one tuna manufacture stopped using driftnets the others followed suit. 30Consumer Awareness towards Green Marketing 4) Social Responsibility- Many firms are beginning to realize t hat they are members of the wider community and therefore must behave in an environmentally responsible fashion. This translates into firms that believe they must achieve environmental objectives as well as profit related objectives. This results in environmental issues being integrated into the firm's corporate culture. There are examples of firms adopting both strategies. Organizations like the Body Shop heavily promote the fact that they are environmentally responsible.While this behavior is a competitive advantage, the firm was established specifically to offer consumers environmentally responsible alternatives to conventional cosmetic products. This philosophy is directly tied to the overall corporate culture, rather than simply being a competitive tool. An example of a firm that does not promote its environmental initiatives is Coca-Cola. They have invested large sums of money in various recycling activities, as well as having modified their packaging to minimize its environme ntal impact. While being concerned about the environment, Coke has not used this concern as a marketing tool.Thus many consumers may not realize that Coke is a very environmentally committed organization. Another firm who is very environmentally responsible but does not promote this fact, at least outside the organization, is Walt Disney World (WDW). WDW has an extensive waste management program and infrastructure in place, yet these facilities are not highlighted in their general tourist promotional activities. 31 Consumer Awareness towards Green Marketing 5) Cost or Profit Issues – Firms may also use green marketing in an attempt to address cost or profit related issues.Disposing of environmentally harmful by-products, such as polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) contaminated oil are becoming increasingly costly and in some cases difficult. Therefore firms that can reduce harmful wastes may incur substantial cost savings. When attempting to minimize waste, firms are often forced to reexamine their production processes. In these cases they often develop more effective production processes that not only reduce waste, but reduce the need for some raw materials. This serves as a double cost savings, since both waste and raw material are reduced. 5. GREEN CONSUMER BEHAVIOR 5. Environmentally Conscious Consumer Behavior ‘Environmentally Conscious Behavior’ (ECCB) is consumer behavior based on some awareness of the environmental impacts associated with a product or service, and a desire to reduce those impacts. Many researchers in the field of consumer’s psychology and market research have demonstrated a substantial growth in ECCB across a range of markets. It has been demonstrated through case studies that how product developers and marketers have capitalized on this positive attitude and effectively differentiated their product in terms of their ‘environmentally friendly’ character. 2 Consumer Awareness towards Green Marketing Th e term environmental consciousness does not have a standardized definition in the body of academic literature; the reason can be due to arousal of the term out of political and everyday language. Environmental consciousness is the desire to protect flora and fauna, a willingness to scrutinize the consequences of economic activity and a willingness to combine long-term with short-term planning. 5. 2 Attributes of the Green ConsumersTo take the advantage of the emerging green market, it is important to understand who green customers are and the factors influencing their purchasing decisions and behavior. Attributes of Environmentally Conscious Consumers Implication for Green Marketers 33 Consumer Awareness towards Green Marketing Target products to women who generally buy On behalf of men and families. Use the influence of children to Will most likely be well educated, encourage parents to try green young adult women who have more products. The green consumers of the future are genera lly knowledgeable money to spend. bout environmental issues. They should be offered samples and increments to try products. Will expect green products to function as non green products and won’t pay much extra or sacrifice quality for greener products. Will not buy green products on the basis of environmental benefits alone. Products choice is still based on whether it meets their basic want or need. Environmental features are added selling points. Effectively communicate assurance of quality for example quality of performances, look, feel, fit, comfort, durability.Like environmental attributes such as energy efficiency or toxic substance reduction with other benefits such as lower price, convenience, or quality of life improvements. Will be more likely to respond to Emphasize personal benefits by using product attribute that will personally terms such as ‘safe’, ‘non-toxic’, ‘cost benefit them. effective’ rather than more generalized gr een messages such as ‘biodegradable’ or ‘ozone friendly’. Will tolerate only minimal inconvenience in using green products and don’t want to go out of their way to buy them.Making the use of product simplee. g. minimize or eliminate refilling bottles. Select mainstream distributors wherever possible. Offer one-stop shopping and eye appealing displays. Will be analytical, eager to learn, and Reinforce product benefits with can be cynical about corporate claims evidence of corporate performance for green product unless they have and improvements. Educate 34 Consumer Awareness towards Green Marketing independent verification. consumers about environmental issues and your efforts through a variety of means.Provide credible environmental endorsements. use labels in compliance with government labeling guidelines, to convey precise, detailed information about your product and its packaging. Communicate your steps towards sustainability and commitments to im provement. Seek feedback and promote your efforts to respond to customer concerns. Will not expect companies to have perfect green credentials, but will look for a commitment to improve and evidence backed by facts. 5. 3 Green Buyers and Green Consumers 35 Consumer Awareness towards Green MarketingResearch about the identity and nature of green consumer has been the central character in the development of green marketing, as business attempt to understand and respond to external pressures to improve their environmental performance. Marketing practitioners and academics are attempting to identify and understand green consumers and their needs, and to develop market offerings that meet these needs. SEGMENTATION OF GREEN CONSUMERS ? True-Blue Greens- The most environmentally active segment of the ? ? ? ? society. Greenback Greens- Those most willing to pay the highest premium for green products.Spouts- Fence-sitters who have embraced environmentalism more slowly. Grousers- Uninvolved o r disinterested in environmental issues, who feel the issues are too big for them to solve. Apathetic- The least engaged group who believe that the environmental indifference is main stream. Apart from this Natural Marketing Institute (NMI) divides the market into following categories: ? Lohas- Very progressive on environment and society, looking for ? ? ? ? ways to do more; not too concerned about price. Naturalites- Primarily concerned about personal health and wellness, and use many natural products; would like to do more to protect the environment.Conventional- Practical, like to see the results of what they do; interested in green products that make sense in the long run. Drifters- Not too concerned about the environment, figuring we’ve got time to fix the environmental problems; don’t necessarily buy a lot of green products. Unconcerned- Have other priorities, not really sure what green products are available and probably wouldn’t be interested anyway; the y buy products strictly on price, value, quality and convenience. 5. 4 Consumer Information and Education 36 Consumer Awareness towards Green MarketingIf managers believe that consumers view greenness as a motivating variable, they should invest in conveying information through advertising, direct mailing, brand labels, in-store displays and pamphlets. The important points to be noted here are: a. Firms willing to provide clear, comprehensive and credible information must ensure that consumers have low cost to access it. b. Governmental policies and stakeholder initiatives can be important in reducing consumers’ search, information or transaction costs. c. Regulators can publish and disseminate it to the media by press releases and post it on the internet. . Stakeholders can use the media as well as use their organizationspecific vehicles such as newsletters. Green marketing can be successfully implemented by use of ICT in cost effective way: ? By developing compelling, conci se messages, plan innovative ways to repeatedly deliver, identify appropriate links within network of political, legislative, nonprofit organization and media, develop concept based programs and events. ? Utilize extensive relationship with local and national media to get a client’s message to the right media targets. Identify venues, plan tours, identify audiences, and organize meals, speakers and press. ? Strategies and plan joint PR initiatives as well as joint advertising campaigns and events to cross-promote companies and organization campaigns. ? Help develop identify and branding for print, broadcast and digital mediums. ? Consulting and creation of a corporate design, brochures, leaflets, info materials. ? Develop web sites, e-mail campaigns, and banner advertising. ? Develop creative print, broadcast and digital advertising, identify advertising targets and purchase appropriate media slots. 6.FUTURE GROWTH OF GREEN MARKETING 37 Consumer Awareness towards Green Market ing There are many lessons to be learned to avoid green marketing myopia, the short version of all this is that effective green marketing requires applying good marketing principles to make green products desirable for consumers. The question that remains, however, is, what is green marketing’s future? Business scholars have viewed it as a â€Å"fringe† topic, given that environmentalism’s acceptance of limits and conservation does not mesh well with marketing’s traditional axioms of â€Å"give customer what they want† and â€Å"sell as much as you can†.Evidence indicates that successful green products have avoided green marketing myopia by following three important principles: Consumer Value Positioning: ? Design environmental products to perform as well as (or better than) alternatives. ? Promote and deliver the consumer desired value of environmental products and target relevant consumer market segments. ? Broaden mainstream appeal by bun dling consumer desired value into environmental products. Calibration of Consumer Knowledge: 38 Consumer Awareness towards Green Marketing Educate consumers with marketing messages that connect environmental attributes with desired consumer value. ? Frame environmental product attributes as â€Å"solutions† for consumer needs. ? Create engaging and educational internet sites about environmental products desired consumer value. Credibility of Product Claims: ? Employ environmental product and consumer benefit claims that are specific and meaningful. ? Procure product endorsements or eco-certifications from trustworthy third parties and educate consumers about the meaning behind those endorsements and eco-certifications. Encourage consumer evangelism via consumers social and internet communication network with compelling, interesting and entertaining information about environmental products. 7. ANALYSIS OF EFFECTS OF GREEN MARKETING 39 Consumer Awareness towards Green Marketing Size of sample: This refers to the numbers of items to be selected from universe to constitute a sample. An optimum sample is one, which fulfills the requirements of efficiency, representativeness, reliability and flexibility. Sample size – 64 consumers Sample design: A sample design is definite plan for obtaining a sample from a given population.It refers to the technique or the procedure the researcher would adopt in selecting items for the samples. Sample design – consumers Sample type: Convenience sampling: – when population elements are selected for inclusion in the sample based on the case of access; it can be called convenience sampling. This study is based on stratified sampling and a structured questionnaire has been used to gather data from about 50 respondents to analyze effects of green marketing. By analyzing respondents’ answers towards the questions helps to understand the various aspects related to green marketing.The study attempts to ex pand research on exploring how many people have positive attitude towards green marketing and what are their thoughts on it. RESULTS: According to the analysis of questionnaire most of the respondents were not aware about green marketing but after reading the questionnaire they realized what it is all about. Of the 64 respondents 37 were male and 27 female. The respondents were between the age group of 25-27 and 28-30 yrs. 40 Consumer Awareness towards Green Marketing ? Are you aware of the term â€Å"green marketing†? The above bar graph indicates that 56% of respondents are familiar with the term Green Marketing.But many of them have a misconception with the term Green Marketing. They consider Green Marketing as something related to vegetable market or ? Have you heard of any campaign related to Green Marketing? 41 Consumer Awareness towards Green Marketing The above bar graph indicates that 44% of respondents are aware of the campaign related to Green Marketing. Rest 56% d oes not know about any campaign related to Green marketing. ? Have you been part of any such campaign? The above graph indicates that only 17% of the total has been a part of Green Marketing campaigns. ? Do you consider the environmental aspects of the products before buying them? 2 Consumer Awareness towards Green Marketing The above graph indicates that only 58% i. e. the majority of respondents consider the environmental aspect sometimes. And, only 23% consider the environmental aspect of the product while buying it. ? Do you think that green marketing and advertising are good sources of information about green products and services? The above graph indicates that only 69% i. e. the majority of respondents consider green marketing and advertising as good sources of information for green products and services. And, only 10% do not consider it. 43 Consumer Awareness towards Green Marketing Do you think that Green Marketing activities are good at addressing environmental issues? The above graph indicates that 87% of the respondents feel that Green Marketing activities are good at addressing environmental issues while 13% respondents do not. ? Do you think Green Marketing activities results in better product quality? 44 Consumer Awareness towards Green Marketing The above graph indicates that 70% of the respondents think that Green Marketing activities results in better product quality. ? Do you think that Green Marketing strengthen company’s image in the mind of consumer? 45 Consumer Awareness towards Green MarketingThe above graph indicates that majority of the respondents i. e. 86% think that Green Marketing strengthen company’s image in the mind of consumer. ? Do you think that companies that focus on environmental concerns persuade consumers to buy products? 46 Consumer Awareness towards Green Marketing The above graph indicates that the respondents the companies initiative towards environment do influence the consumers to buy product. 63% of respondents agree to it. ? Are you aware of the eco-labeling initiatives of the government? 47 Consumer Awareness towards Green Marketing The above graph indicates that majority of the respondents i. . 69% of the respondents are not aware of the eco-labeling initiatives of the government. 8. RECOMMENDATIONS Finite resources such as oil, metal, and even fresh water will become scarcer and more expensive. If businesses do not become more efficient in using these resources it will have a huge impact on the bottom line. Investing in Green Products thus changes from ‘beyond doing good’ to ultimately ‘good business sense’. Thus they should: Invest in research and create clean and environment friendly products. Clean energy sources such as solar, wind, bio-fuels and hydra power. Water harvesting.Recycle at every level. Move towards paperless office. ? Educate masses of the environment issues because they are going to be the bulk consumers. ? Socially responsible investing in environment driven projects. ? Plant more trees. ? ? ? ? ? The corporations must rethink: ? Their raw material and procurement strategies. ? They should develop new products ? They should redesign existing products and service. ? They should realize that pollution prevention can be a cost saving activity. ? They should steer their product and packaging designs to use less material. 48 Consumer Awareness towards Green Marketing . Conclusion As the demand for green products undoubtedly exists, Green Marketing provides an opportunity to the companies to increase their market-share by introducing eco friendly products. Stricter environmental regulations across the world, growing consumer preference for eco-friendly companies, and the inherent cost advantages in lowering toxic waste, are encouraging industries big and small to clean up. Result of a survey conducted showed that, consumers are not overly committed to improving their environment and may be looking to lay too mu ch responsibility on industry and government.Though it’s the responsibility of the firm to produce products, which are having minimum impact on the environment, but ultimately it’s the consumer who is having responsibility to use eco friendly products. Consumers are not too much concerned about the environment but as they have become more sophisticated, they require clear information about how choosing one product over another will benefit the environment. Consumer education results in their empowerment. Empowered consumers choose environmentally preferable products when all else is equal.Ultimately green marketing requires that consumers ‘Think Green, Think clean, Think Eco-friendly’ i. e. they want a cleaner environment and are willing to â€Å"pay† for it, possibly through higher priced goods, modified individual lifestyles, or even governmental intervention. Until this occurs it will be difficult for firms alone to lead the green marketing revol ution. 49 Consumer Awareness towards Green Marketing 10. BIBLIOGRAPHY ? Kotler Philips & G. Armstrong. Principles of marketing. New Delhi, Prentice Hall. ? Richa Agrawal, Green Marketing: An Emerging Trend (PJMR, Vol. 5,April 2000) ?Excerpts from the survey report conducted by BT-TERI. ? www. ecomall. com ? www. greenmarketingcorner. com ? www. greenpeace. org 50 Consumer Awareness towards Green Marketing 11. ANNEXURE Questionnaire Consumer Awareness towards Green Marketing Name: Age: Gender: Are you aware of the term â€Å"green marketing†? Yes No What do you understand by the term â€Å"Green Marketing†? Have you heard of any campaign related to Green Marketing? Yes 51 Consumer Awareness towards Green Marketing No Have you been part of any such campaign? Yes No Do you consider the environmental aspects of the products before buying them? Yes No SometimesDo you think that green marketing and advertising are good sources of information about green products and services ? Yes No Sometimes Do you think that Green Marketing activities are good at addressing environmental issues? Yes No 52 Consumer Awareness towards Green Marketing Do you think Green Marketing activities results in better product quality? Yes No Do you think that Green Marketing strengthen company’s image in the mind of consumer? Yes No Do you think that companies that focus on environment al concerns persuade consumers to buy products? Yes No Are you aware of the eco-labeling initiatives of the government? Yes No Thank You 53